Wie oft ist der FC Schalke 04 abgestiegen

Main article: List of FC Schalke 04 seasons

The club was founded on 4 May 1904 as Westfalia Schalke by a group of high school students and first wore the colours red and yellow. The team was unable to gain admittance to the Westdeutscher Spielverband (Western German Football Association) and played in one of the "wild associations" of early German football. In 1912, after years of failed attempts to join the official league, they merged with the gymnastic club Schalker Turnverein 1877 in order to facilitate their entry. This arrangement held up until 1915, when SV Westfalia Schalke was re-established as an independent club. The separation proved short-lived and the two came together again in 1919 as Turn- und Sportverein Schalke 1877. The new club won its first honours in 1923 as champions of the Schalke Kreisliga. It was around this time that Schalke picked up the nickname Die Knappen, from an old German word for "miners" because the team drew so many of its players and supporters from the coal miners of Gelsenkirchen.[citation needed]

In 1924, the football team parted ways with the gymnasts again, this time taking the club chairman along with them. They took the name FC Schalke 04 and adopted the now familiar blue and white kit from which their second nickname would derive, Die Königsblauen (English: The Royal Blues). The following year, the club became the dominant local side, based on a style of play that used short, sharp, man-to-man passing to move the ball. This system would later become famous as the Schalker Kreisel (English: spinning top; gyroscope). In 1927, it carried them into the top-flight Gauliga Ruhr, onto the league championship, and then into the opening rounds of the national finals.[citation needed]

1928–1933: Rise to dominance

The popular club built a new stadium, the Glückauf-Kampfbahn, in 1928, and acknowledged the city's support by renaming themselves FC Gelsenkirchen-Schalke 04. They won their first West German championship in 1929, but the following year were sanctioned for exceeding salary levels set by the league and, in an era that considered professionalism in sport to be anathema, found themselves banned from play for nearly half a year.

However, the ban had little impact on the team's popularity: in their first match after the ban against Fortuna Düsseldorf, in June 1931, the team drew 70,000 spectators to its home ground. The club's fortunes begun to rise from 1931 and they made a semi-final appearance in the 1932 German championship, losing 1–2 to Eintracht Frankfurt. The year after, the club went all the way to the final, where Fortuna Düsseldorf proved the better side, winning 3–0.[5]

1933–1945: The championship years

With the re-organisation of German football in 1933 under Nazi Germany, Schalke found themselves in the Gauliga Westfalen, 1 of 16 top-flight divisions established to replace the innumerable regional and local leagues, all claiming top status. This league saw Schalke's most successful decade in their history: from 1933 to 1942, the club would appear in 14 of 18 national finals (ten in the German championship and eight in the Tschammerpokal, the predecessor of today's DFB-Pokal) and win their league in every one of its eleven seasons.

The club never lost a home match in the Gauliga Westfalen in all these 11 seasons and only lost six away matches, while remaining unbeaten in the 1935–36, 1936–37, 1937–38, 1938–39, 1940–41 and 1942–43 seasons, a sign of the club's dominance.[6]

Schalke's first national title came in 1934 with a 2–1 victory over favourites 1. FC Nürnberg. The next year, they successfully defended their title against VfB Stuttgart with a 6–4 win. The club missed the 1936 final, but would make appearances in the championship match in each of the next six years, coming away victorious in 1937, 1939, 1940 and 1942. Three of those national finals were against Austrian teams – Admira Wien, Rapid Wien and First Vienna – which played in Germany's Gauliga Ostmark after Austria's incorporation into the Reich through the 1938 Anschluss.

Die Königsblauen also made frequent appearances in the final of the Tschammerpokal, but enjoyed much less success there. They lost the inaugural Tschammerpokal 0–2 to 1. FC Nürnberg in 1935. They also made failed appearances in the 1936, 1941, and 1942 finals with their only victory coming in 1937 against Fortuna Düsseldorf.

Over a dozen seasons, from 1933 to 1945, Schalke won 162 of 189 Gauliga matches, drawing 21 and losing only 6. Within this period, they scored 924 goals and conceded just 145. From 1935 to 1939, they did not lose a single league match. The club's dominance throughout this period led them to be held up for propaganda purposes by the Nazi regime as an example of "new Germany".

1945–1959: Football after World War II

With Germany in chaos towards the end of World War II, Schalke played just two matches in 1945. They resumed regular play following the war and, for a time, continued to compete as a strong side. They set a record in a national championship round match with a 20–0 drubbing of SpVgg Herten, but that spoke more to the weakened condition of German football than to the ability of the team. Schalke's play fell off and the best they could manage in the new Oberliga West in 1947 was a sixth-place finish. Within two years, they slipped to 12th place.

It would take Schalke until the mid-1950s to recover their form. They finished third in a tight three-way race for the 1954 Oberliga West title, decided on the last day of the season. The following year, they appeared in the DFB-Pokal final, where they lost 2–3 to Karlsruher SC. The club's next, and to date last, German championship came in 1958 with a 3–0 victory over Hamburger SV. The strong fanbase of the club is as well documented in a local church, St. Joseph, in Gelsenkirchen. It was renovated shortly after the 1958 victory, where one of the glass windows shows Aloysius Gonzaga with a football and the dress and colors of Schalke.[7]

1960–2000: Entry to the Bundesliga and the Euro Fighters

Schalke continued to play well, delivering a number of top four finishes in the years leading up to the 1963 formation of the Bundesliga, West Germany's new federal, professional league. Those results earned them selection as 1 of 16 clubs admitted to the top-flight league.

Their first years in the Bundesliga were difficult. In 1964–65, they escaped relegation only through the expansion of the league to 18 teams. A number of finishes at the lower end of the league table followed, before a marked improvement in 1971–72, culminating in a second-place finish to Bayern Munich and after having led the league for much of the season. In the same season, Schalke won the DFB-Pokal for the second time in its history.

Despite their improved results, the seeds of a major reversal had already been sown. A number of the team's players and officials were accused of accepting bribes as part of the widespread Bundesliga scandal of 1971. Investigation showed that Schalke had deliberately played to lose their 17 May, 28th-round match against Arminia Bielefeld, 0–1. As a result, several Schalke players were banned for life, including three – Klaus Fischer, "Stan" Libuda and Klaus Fichtel – who regularly played for the West Germany national team at the time.[citation needed]

Even though the penalties were later commuted to bans ranging from six months to two years, the scandal had a profound effect on what might have possibly become one of the dominant German teams of the 1970s.[citation needed] In 1973, the club moved to the Parkstadion, newly built for the 1974 FIFA World Cup and having a capacity of 70,000 spectators. In the wake of the scandal, the club's performance was uneven. They managed another second-place result in 1976–77, finishing just one point behind champions Borussia Mönchengladbach.

In the early 1980s, Die Knappen ran into trouble and found themselves relegated to the second division of the Bundesliga for the 1981–82 season and, after promotion, again in 1983–84. They returned to the top flight in 1984 but slipped once more to the second tier in 1988. They returned to the Bundesliga in the 1991–92 season and stayed in the top flight until 2021.

The club earned their first honours since the DFB-Pokal win of 1972 with a victory in the final of the 1996–97 UEFA Cup over Inter Milan on penalties. Coached by the Dutch coach Huub Stevens, the 1997 Schalke squad earned the nickname "Euro Fighters", which is still in use among fans. Stevens, who was widely unknown in Germany at the time, quickly earned himself a cult following among the Schalke supporters.

Stevens successfully implemented a system of rigid discipline, especially in the defence. His motto "Die Null muß stehen" (in English, "It has to read nil"), which emphasized his importance on his side not conceding any goals, has found its way into everyday language in Germany.

2000–2014: Top-table mainstay, European semi-final

The turn of the millennium has seen much stronger performances from Schalke. During the 1990s and early 2000, the club underwent a successful transformation into a modern, commercial sports organization and established itself as one of the dominant teams of the Bundesliga. Schalke captured consecutive DFB-Pokals in 2000–01 and 2001–02, and earned second-place finishes in the Bundesliga in 2000–01, 2004–05 and 2006–07. The 2000–01 season finish was heartbreaking for Schalke's supporters as it took a goal in the fourth minute of injury time by Bayern Munich away to Hamburger SV to snatch the title from Die Königsblauen.

The last few years have been more successful for Schalke, who finished in the second place in 2005, a result that led to Schalke making its second appearance in the UEFA Champions League. There, Schalke finished in third place during the group stage and continuing into the UEFA Cup, where they were eliminated by the eventual winners Sevilla in the semi-finals. In 2005–06, Schalke finished in fourth place in the Bundesliga and a year later they again finished as runners-up for the third time in seven seasons.

In the 2007–08 season, Schalke progressed past the Champions League group stage for the first time and advanced to the quarter-finals after defeating Porto on penalties in the round of 16. They were eliminated by Barcelona in the quarter-finals, losing both home and away matches 0–1.

On 9 October 2006, Russian oil company Gazprom became the club's new sponsor. The company stated it expected to invest as much as €125 million in the club over a five-and-a-half-year period.[8] Gazprom's sponsorship has been seen by some analysts as a politically motivated attempt to buy friendship in Germany.[9] Within this sponsorship, Schalke 04 and Zenit Saint Petersburg signed a "partnership agreement"; both clubs intend to work closely on improving football-related issues.

On 13 April 2008, the club announced the dismissal of manager Mirko Slomka after a heavy defeat at the hands of Werder Bremen and elimination from the Champions League. Former players Mike Büskens and Youri Mulder were put in charge of the first team on an interim basis. For the 2008–09 Bundesliga season, Schalke signed a new head coach, Fred Rutten, previously of Twente. Rutten signed a contract running until June 2010.[10] In March 2009, Rutten was sacked and, once more, Mike Büskens, Youri Mulder and Oliver Reck took over the helm.

On 1 July 2009, Felix Magath, who had led VfL Wolfsburg to the top of the table in the Bundesliga, became head coach and general manager of the Königsblauen. The appointment of Magath as manager coincided with a multimillion-euro spending spree, allowing Schalke to acquire internationally known forwards Klaas-Jan Huntelaar and Raúl. Magath's tenure at the club was initially successful, seeing the side score a glut of goals in the first few months of the season, though defensive frailties and Magath's questionable squad selection had made him unpopular with Schalke supporters by December 2010.

On 16 March 2011, Magath was sacked and replaced with Ralf Rangnick, who previously, between 2004 and 2005, had a brief spell being in charge of the team. Within just weeks of his appointment, Rangnick masterminded a 5–2 victory over Inter Milan at the San Siro during the quarter-finals of the Champions League. Schalke advanced to the semi-final where they lost 2–0 to Manchester United in the first leg and 4–1 in the second leg.[11] However, Schalke 04 managed to win the 2010–11 DFB-Pokal after a thrashing victory 5–0 over MSV Duisburg.[12] On 1 June 2011, Schalke's captain, Manuel Neuer, made his move to Bayern Munich.[13]

On 22 September 2011, Ralf Rangnick announced his immediate resignation as head coach of Schalke 04 due to long-term exhaustion.[14] Assistant coach Seppo Eichkorn coached the team as interim manager until the appointment of Huub Stevens on 27 September 2011. Stevens' contract was to run until 30 June 2013.[15]

Despite having legendary status among Schalke supporters, Stevens' return to Schalke was met with some scepticism as fans feared that Stevens, who coached Schalke to the 1997 UEFA Cup win with a rigidly defensive system, could abandon Rangnick's system of attacking play in favour of returning to his 1997 defensive antics.[16] The doubts of the supporters proved unfounded. Although Schalke played a somewhat inconsistent season, they reached third place in the Bundesliga and therefore direct qualification for the UEFA Champions League.

Schalke had an excellent start to the 2012–13 Bundesliga season, and worked their way to second place in the league by November, just behind Bayern Munich. On 20 October, Schalke traveled to Borussia Dortmund for matchday 8, and were able to defeat the home side 2–1 to secure their first league Revierderby win since February 2010 while securing a Champions League place by finishing in fourth place. In the 2013–14 UEFA Champions League group stage, Schalke's opponents were FCSB, FC Basel and Chelsea. Schalke ultimately finished the group stage in second place, behind Chelsea, and was eliminated in the round of 16 by Real Madrid CF.

The most prominent Schalke addition was the arrival of Kevin-Prince Boateng from Milan.[17] After a disappointing first round of the 2013–14 Bundesliga that saw Schalke in seventh place in the Bundesliga table, as well as an early exit from the 2013–14 DFB-Pokal in the first knockout round, the club played their most successful second half of the season in club history. The season was marked by a glut of injuries to key squad players, including Jefferson Farfán and Klaas-Jan Huntelaar, for almost the entire season. It also led to performance related discussions about head coach Jens Keller. Partially, Schalke fielded up to ten young players with potential who played in the Schalke youth system throughout the season. Among the brightest young player discoveries of the 2013–14 season were Max Meyer and Leon Goretzka. The young Schalke squad won 11 out of 17 matches, totalling 36 points. At the end of the 2013–14 season, the club finished in third place in the Bundesliga table to qualify for their third-straight UEFA Champions League appearance, a feat Schalke had never before achieved.

On 7 October 2014, after a 1–2 defeat to 1899 Hoffenheim and after amassing just eight points from seven matches, Keller was sacked and succeeded by Roberto Di Matteo.[18]

2014–present: Signs of crisis and eventual relegation

In the 2014–15 UEFA Champions League, Schalke 04 finished second in a group with Chelsea, Sporting CP and Maribor. Later on, they played against the reigning champion Real Madrid again in the round of 16, where they lost the first leg at home 0–2, but they won 4–3 at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium.[19] After finishing sixth in the 2014–15 season, the club announced the resignation of head coach Roberto Di Matteo on 26 May 2015.[20] Schalke 04 then played in the Europa League, in the 2015–16 and 2016–17 seasons, and were eliminated by Shakhtar Donetsk and Ajax respectively.

Starting with the 2017–18 season, Domenico Tedesco took over the managerial spot for Schalke 04.[21] At the end of the season, he managed to lead the team to finish as runners-up to Bayern Munich. On 29 July 2018, the team's captain, Benedikt Höwedes, decided to leave after more than ten years at the club.[22] In the 2018–19 UEFA Champions League, Schalke 04 lost 2–10 in aggregate to Manchester City in the round of 16. On 14 March 2019, Tedesco was relieved of his duties.[23]

On 9 May 2019, David Wagner was appointed as head coach of Schalke 04 on a three-year contract until 30 June 2022.[24] In the second half of the 2019–20 season, Schalke set a new club record of 16 league games without a win between 25 January and 27 June 2020.[25] Despite this losing streak, Wagner remained as manager,[26] with Clemens Tönnies stepping down from his role as the chairman of Schalke's supervisory board after 19 years in service instead.[27] Against the backdrop of a worsened financial situation caused by a high level of debt and a decrease in revenue related to restrictions put in place to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, the club also decided to introduce a player salary cap of €2.5 million per year.[28]

Schalke started with significant difficulties into the 2020–21 season. After 8–0[29] and 4–0[30] thrashings away at the hands of Bayern Munich and RB Leipzig and a 1–3[31] loss at home against Werder Bremen, Schalke was last in the league table after three games, with one goal scored and fifteen conceded. After only two match days, Schalke dismissed David Wagner as head coach on 27 September in the aftermath of the loss against Bremen.[32] At 1.08 average points per game, Wagner was then the lowest-scoring head coach in Schalke's recent history.[33]

Three days later, Manuel Baum was nominated as Wagner's successor, with Naldo, a former Schalke player, as assistant coach.[34] Baum, who had taken over from Wagner at a winless streak of 18 games, was unable to win a single Bundesliga game between the 3rd and 12th match days, and was dismissed ahead of the 13th match day against Arminia Bielefeld.[35] Huub Stevens once again returned as head coach, beginning his fourth tenure.[35] Baum's tenure had brought the winless streak up from 18 to 28 Bundesliga games, bringing Schalke to the brink of breaking the alltime record of 31 winless games, set by SC Tasmania 1900 Berlin in the 1965–66 season.[36][37] Stevens did not change Schalke's fortunes in his first game, losing the home game against Arminia Bielefeld, themselves in 16th place and thus threatened by relegation, with a 0–1 scoreline.[38]

On 27 December 2020, Schalke 04 announced that they signed a contract with Swiss manager Christian Gross to be the head coach of the club until the end of the season, making him the fourth head coach for Schalke 04 during the 2020–21 season.[39] Under Gross, Schalke's negative streak continued with a 3–0 loss to Hertha BSC, marking the 30th consecutive winless game, a losing streak of 358 days.[40][41] On 9 January 2021 Schalke finally recorded a victory over 1899 Hoffenheim, which meant they avoided matching Tasmania Berlin's record.[42] It remained Schalke's only victory under Gross, who was sacked as head coach after just eleven matches on 28 February 2021, following losses against rival Borussia Dortmund (0–4) and VFB Stuttgart (1–5). Alongside Gross, sporting director Jochen Schneider, team coordinator Sascha Riether, assistant coach Rainer Widmayer and fitness coach Werner Leuthard were also relieved of their duties.[43] At 0.45 average points per game, Gross was the least successful head coach at Schalke since Karl-Heinz Marotzke in 1967.

On 2 March 2021, Dimitrios Grammozis was announced as new head coach for Schalke 04.[44] Grammozis started with a scoreless draw against Mainz 05, but his team was unable to collect any points in the two following matches, which were lost 5–0 against VfL Wolfsburg and 3–0 against Borussia Mönchengladbach. Schalke did not score a goal in the first three matches under Grammozis, a joined negative record for the club (Helmut Schulte in 1992/93 and Markus Weinzierl in 2016–17 also waited for the first goal until their fourth match as head coach for Schalke).[45][46] Against Borussia Mönchengladbach, Schalke conceded its fifth own goal of the season, yet another negative record.[45]

Relegation to the 2. Bundesliga was confirmed on 20 April 2021, as Schalke 04 lost 1–0 to Arminia Bielefeld,[47] which led to riots by Schalke supporters.[48]

However, Schalke were promoted back to the Bundesliga on 7 May 2022, following a 3–2 victory over FC St. Pauli that guaranteed a top-two finish in the 2. Bundesliga. Fans invaded the pitch in celebration.[49]

Further information: Forbes' list of the most valuable football clubs

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  Exterior of the S04 museum at the S04 Veltins-Arena

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  Restaurants at the S04 Veltins-Arena

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  Ice hockey events are hosted at the S04 Veltins-Arena

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  Biathlon and a variety of winter sport events are hosted at the S04 Veltins-Arena

As of 2022, the headline sponsor of Schalke 04 is the China-based electronics manufacturer Hisense. The Russia-based hydrocarbon giant Gazprom was dropped in February 2022 as a result of the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[50] Additional sponsors include Dusseldorf-based insurance group ERGO Insurance Group; Munich-based automotive manufacturer BMW; and its motorcycle division BMW Motorrad; Spanish-based security insurance company Reale Seguros; China-based telecommunications company Huawei; cyber gambling and sports betting company bet-at-home.com; beverage giant Coca-Cola; North Rhine Westphalia-based brewery Veltins; and the current manufacturer of Schalke's squad kits, England-based Umbro.[50]

In terms of operating income, Schalke possesses an operating income of €13 million,[51] and 12 per cent debt as of May 2019.[52] Schalke generates the 14th-highest revenue of any football club in the world at €291 million.[52]

In May 2019, Schalke 04 were ranked by Forbes magazine as the 14th-richest football club in the world,[51] at €683 million, a decrease of 3 per cent from the previous year.[52]

Schalke 04 is among the Bundesliga teams that were hit hardest by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic,[53] and in April 2020 the club said it was threatened by bankruptcy.[54]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

Out on loan

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

Reserve team

Main article: FC Schalke 04 II

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

Notable former players

Main article: List of FC Schalke 04 players

In the year 2000, the supporters voted for Schalker Jahrhundertelf, the "Team of the Century":[57]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

Records

Main article: List of FC Schalke 04 records and statistics

Schalke's stadium, known as the Veltins-Arena under a sponsorship agreement with Veltins brewery, was built in the summer of 2001 and has a capacity of 62,271 spectators.[1] Schalke regularly draws sell-out crowds to what is widely regarded as one of the most modern and best multi-use facilities in Europe. The facility was previously known as the Arena AufSchalke and replaced the Parkstadion (capacity of 62,000) built in 1973. Prior to this, the club played its matches in the Glückauf-Kampfbahn, constructed in 1928 with a capacity of 35,000. The facility was used for amateur matches during its later years with a reduced capacity of 5,000.

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  An interior design panorama of the Veltins-Arena

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  Exterior of the Veltins-Arena

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  Training ground of FC Schalke 04 known as the Geschäftsstelle

The number of members of Schalke 04 grew from 10,000 in 1991 to 155,000 in 2018.[citation needed] This figure makes Schalke 04 the second-biggest sports club in Germany and fourth-biggest sports club in the world, behind Bayern Munich, Sporting Lisbon and first-placed Benfica.[citation needed] Schalke 04 has the fourth-largest fan-base of any team in the world.[citation needed] Schalke is currently ranked as the thirty-first-best football club in Europe and in Continental Europe by UEFA's UEFA club rankings.[60] A representation of the Schalke 04 membership structure in 2014 showed, among other things, a female share of 20 per cent and a share of the age group up to ten years of 14 per cent.[61] Around 30 per cent of the members were not from North Rhine-Westphalia. Apart from Gelsenkirchen (10,197 members) and its immediate neighbouring towns, the members of Schalke 04 also come from more distant cities such as Cologne (1,117), Berlin (932) and Dortmund (800).[61] This high growth in Schalke 04 membership is also promoted by promotions of Schalke 04, as from 2013 to further "advertise Schalke 04 brand".[61][62]

On 21 August 2013, Schalke 04 played their first home match of the 2013–14 season, a UEFA Champions League qualifier at the Veltins-Arena against the Greek runners-up PAOK (led by former head coach Huub Stevens), drawing 1–1.[63] The match and result was more than overshadowed by a controversial police operation in the "S04 Ultras Gelsenkirchen" block of the Veltins-Arena against the fans of the home team with nearly 80 of the home team's fans injured.[63] The return match was won 3–2 by Schalke without any of their supporters allowed to attend the match.[63]

Fan Club Association

Schalke 04 Fan Club Association (SFCV) is an umbrella organization, according to their own statement, has an estimated 1,500 fan clubs.[64] Of those listed by the SFCV, 860 Schalke 04 fan clubs (October 2012) in which an estimated 200 were in Ruhr, 360 in the rest of North Rhine-Westphalia and 300 in the other federal states.[65] A member of the board of SFCV has a permanent seat on the board of FC Schalke 04 and in 2013 SFCV merged with the "Ultras Gelsenkirchen" and later the supporters' club, Schalke Fan-Initiative eV with several members of strong fan groups from the SFCV, as is clear from the merger of the SFCV with the fan section of S04 has not adequately represented the fan interests.[66][67]

Friendships

The fan-base of Schalke is connected, in a friendly way, with the supporters of 1. FC Nürnberg and Dutch club Twente. The friendship with Nürnberg is the oldest connection between two fan-bases in Germany. Before a match between both clubs, the official club songs are played.

Club songs

• Blau und weiß, wie lieb ich Dich ("Blue and White, How I Love You") is the official club song.
• Das Steigerlied, traditional German mining song, play before every match.
• Blau und Weiß ein Leben lang ("Blue and white a life-long") is the goal tune.
• Königsblauer S04 ("Royal Blue S04") played after every match

Popular unofficial chants are

• Der Mythos vom Schalker Markt ("The Myth of the Schalke Market"),
• Opa Pritschikowski ("Grandpa Pritschikowski"),
• Von der Emscher bis zum Bosporus ("From the Emscher to the Bosphorus"),
• Wir schlugen Roda... ("We beat Roda..."),
• Die Eurofighter sind wieder da ("The Eurofighter are back again"),
• Für deine Farben leben und sterben wir ("For your colours we live and die"),
• Wir lieben alle nur den FC Schalke ("We all love only FC Schalke"),
• Wir sind die Fans ("We are the fans"),
• Hurra wir sind die Schalker Knappen ("Hurray we are the Schalke Knappen"),
• Kohle unter unser'n Füßen ("Coal under our feet"), and
• Steht auf, wenn ihr Schalker seid ("Stand up if you're Schalke"), sung to the melody of "Go West" by the Pet Shop Boys (itself a cover of a Village People song).

Revierderby

Main article: Revierderby

The Revierderby is the rivalry between local clubs Schalke 04 and Borussia Dortmund, both situated in the densely populated Ruhr region. Because of the small geographical distances between the clubs (roughly 30 kilometers), fans of opposing clubs often meet in everyday life. The term may be used in any match between two football clubs of the Ruhr region (such as VfL Bochum, Rot-Weiss Essen or MSV Duisburg), but the term is most commonly associated with the rivalry between Schalke and Dortmund due to the derby's popularity and prestige. To some fans, the win of the derby itself is more important than the actual performance in the Bundesliga.

Schalke has been subject of a feature-length film called Fußball ist unser Leben ("Football is our life"), shown in 1999. Actors Uwe Ochsenknecht and Ralf Richter, both of whom were in the award-winning film Das Boot played the main roles, while many persons associated with Schalke had cameo roles, such as manager Rudi Assauer, coaches Huub Stevens and Helmut Schulte, and player Yves Eigenrauch. Also featured were prominent fans like Manfred Breuckmann, Ulrich Potofski or DJ Hooligan.[68] The film is a comedy about "Hans", a Schalke fanatic, and his three pals who somehow get involved in kidnapping and trying to bring back to form the team's new star player "Di Ospeo" and in the process bet Hans' house that their idol will score in the final match.[68] Some critics considered Football is our life to be "one of the worst German comedies ever".[68][failed verification]

"Schalke" is mentioned in the film Das Boot when the bosun tells the crew in their ward room, "I got bad news for you men. Schalke lost 5–0, looks like we won't be in the final this year."

[69][70]

Domestic

German Championship

• Winners: 1934, 1935, 1937, 1939, 1940, 1942, 1958

DFB-Pokal/German Cup

• Winners: 1937, 1971–72, 2000–01, 2001–02, 2010–11

DFB-Ligapokal/German League Cup

• Winners: 2005

DFL-Supercup/German Super Cup

• Winners: 2011

2. Bundesliga

• Winners: 1981–82, 1990–91, 2021–22

International

Further information: FC Schalke 04 in European football

UEFA Cup

• Winners: 1996–97

UEFA Intertoto Cup

• Winners: 2003, 2004

UEFA club coefficient ranking

Youth

Under 19 Bundesliga

• Winners: 1976, 2006, 2012, 2015
  • Runners-up: 1975, 1980, 1981

Under 19 Bundesliga West

• Winners: 2006, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015

Under 17 Bundesliga

• Winners: 1978, 2002
  • Runners-up: 1977, 1980

Under 17 Bundesliga West

• Winners: 2013

Double

• 1937: Championship and Cup

Further information: List of FC Schalke 04 managers

Further information: Schalke 04 Basketball and FC Schalke 04 Esports

The basketball department played in the 1988–89 season in the National Basketball League Basketball Bundesliga and from 2004 for several seasons in the ProA, the second highest basketball league in Germany.[75] 2009 saw Schalke 04 voluntarily withdrawal from the ProA. Currently, the team competes in ProB.[76] The club founded a blind football department in 2015, which plays in the Blindenfußball-Bundesliga.[77]

The women's football club was initially dissolved in the mid-1980s, but achieved some notable successes, including five-time Westphalia championships, and competed in the German championship and DFB Cup. Schalke 04 later cooperated with 1. FFC Recklinghausen [de], a women's football club, from 2007 to 2010,[78] and the current women's team was established in July 2020, to compete in Kreisliga B, the eighth tier of women's football, in 2021.[79]

Other longstanding departments include the handball department, which was founded in 1926 and competed in the Gaumeister, Gauliga during Nazi Germany, and the current top division.[80] The athletic department was founded in 1922, with the club's former players including Olympic silver medallist decathlete Frank Busemann, and 2003 European Athletics Junior Championships gold 200-metre runner, Sebastian Ernst.[81] The table tennis department was founded in 1947, and competes in the Westphalia district league. The women's team was one of the early participants in the national league until it withdrew in 1956.[82]

In 2016, Schalke acquired League of Legends e-sports team Elements, becoming the second professional sports team with a League of Legends division, after Beşiktaş. In early June, they debuted in the European League of Legends Championship Series, the top level of professional League of Legends competition in Europe.[83] The club also announced former Rot-Weiß Oberhausen and Sportfreunde Siegen midfielder and SK Gaming co-founder Tim Reichert as Head of ESport.

• The Football Club Social Alliance
• Forbes' list of the most valuable football clubs

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 Association football

 North Rhine-Westphalia

• Bodo Berg: More than a game: from the life of a football fan; with photos of Yves own smoke. Verlg the workshop, Göttingen 2000, ISBN 3-89533-299-2.
• Jenrich Burkh: Royal Blue Planet, Göttingen 2004, ISBN 3-89533-446-4.
• Stefan Goch / Norbert Silver Bach: Between blue and white is gray, Essen 2005, ISBN 3-89861-433-6.
• Hardy Green: Faith, Love, Schalke. The complete history of FC Schalke 04, The Workshop, Göttingen 2011, ISBN 978-3-89533-747-5.
• Helmut Wood: Schalke is priceless, Gelsenkirchen, 1991, ISBN 3-924984-30-1 .
• Helmut Wood: Schalke smile. Curiosities and concrete of fans and dreamers – experienced and collected, Gelsenkirchen 1984, ISBN 3-9800764-6-6.
• William Herbert Koch: The Royal Blues: the phenomenon Schalke 04, Düsseldorf 1973, ISBN 3-7700-0365-9.
• Olivier Kruschinski: Blue and white for a lifetime. A season with Schalke, Herten 2005, ISBN 3-938152-04-4.
• Georg Röwekamp: The legend lives on. The history of FC Schalke 04, Göttingen 1996 [and newer edition], ISBN 3-89533-164-3.
• Schalke Fan Initiative (Eds.), The tip of the Eichbergs. Most scandals of FC Schalke 04. plain text, Essen 2005, ISBN 3-89861-393-3.
• Jörg Seven Eick, Thomas Spiegel, Gerd Voss (Eds.): 100 Schalke years – 100 stories Schalke. Plain text, Essen 2004, ISBN 3-89861-321-6.
• Matt Ford: "Bundesliga: Schalke relegated for first time in 30 years". 2021. https://www.dw.com/en/bundesliga-schalke-relegated-for-first-time-in-30-years/a-57270976

1. ^ a b "Schalke erhöht Stadionkapazität". kicker.de (in German). kicker. 30 June 2015. Retrieved 20 July 2015.
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3. ^ "FC Schalke 04 – Vereinsinfo". Kicker. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
4. ^ "Fußballclubs weltweit - Anzahl der Mitglieder 2021".
5. ^ kicker Almanach 1990 (in German), publisher kicker, published: 1989, page: 171
6. ^ "Die deutschen Gauligen 1933–45 – Heft 1–3" (in German). DSFS. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
7. ^ zur Nieden, Felix (12 July 2011). "Der Fußball-Heilige wacht über die St.-Joseph-Kirche in Schalke". WAZ (in German). Retrieved 6 February 2016.
8. ^ "145,000 see 'German Newcastle' blow it". The Guardian. 13 May 2007.
9. ^ Boyes, Roger (7 January 2009). "Comment: Gazprom is not a market player, it's a political weapon". The Times. London. Retrieved 7 January 2009.
10. ^ "Rutten named new Schalke boss". FC Schalke 04. 23 April 2008. Retrieved 16 August 2008.
11. ^ "Schalke 0 Manchester United 2". The Daily Telegraph. 26 April 2011. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2011.
12. ^ "Schalke zum Fünften: 5:0 gegen MSV Duisburg". dfb.de (in German). Retrieved 1 July 2020.
13. ^ "Neuer set to leave Schalke". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 13 August 2018.
14. ^ "Rangnick steps aside at Schalke". UEFA. 22 September 2011. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
15. ^ "Huub Stevens new Schalke coach". Schalke Official Website. 27 September 2011.
16. ^ "Herzlich willkommen zurück, Huub Stevens". 13 May 2012.
17. ^ "Schalke sign Kevin Prince Boateng". FC Schalke 04. 30 August 2013. Archived from the original on 1 September 2013. Retrieved 3 August 2014.
18. ^ "Schalke Announces Di Matteo As New Coach". newswirengr.com. 7 October 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
19. ^ "Ganz stark: S04 feiert 4:3-Sieg im Bernabeu". schalke04.de (in German). 10 March 2015. Archived from the original on 2 March 2016.
20. ^ "Roberto Di Matteo legt Amt als Trainer des FC Schalke 04 nieder". schalke04.de (in German). 26 May 2015.
21. ^ "Bestätigt: Domenico Tedesco ersetzt Markus Weinzierl auf Schalke!". Kicker.de. 9 June 2017. Retrieved 9 June 2017.
22. ^ "Höwedes vor Wechsel zu Lokomotive Moskau". Sky Sport (in German). 29 July 2018.
23. ^ "Schalke 04 relieve Domenico Tedesco of his duties". FC Schalke 04. 14 March 2019. Retrieved 14 March 2019.
24. ^ "David Wagner becomes new head coach of Schalke 04". Schalke 04. 9 May 2019. Retrieved 9 May 2019.
25. ^ "Schalke verliert beim SC Freiburg 0:4". Ruhr Nachrichten (in German). Archived from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
26. ^ "FC Schalke 04 setzt weiter auf Trainer David Wagner und korrigiert zukünftige Saisonziele" (in German). SPOX. 1 July 2020. Retrieved 6 July 2020.
27. ^ "Clemens Tönnies steps down from his role at FC Schalke 04". schalke04.de. 30 June 2020.
28. ^ "Als erster Bundesliga-Verein: Schalke 04 führt Gehaltsobergrenze ein". n-tv.de (in German). 28 June 2020. Retrieved 6 July 2020.
29. ^ "Ein Rabona, zwei Blitzstarts und acht Tore: Bayern deklassiert Schalke zum Auftakt". kicker (in German). 18 September 2020. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
30. ^ "Erneute Abwehrschwächen und vier Gegentore: Schalke geht in Leipzig baden". kicker (in German). 3 October 2020. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
31. ^ "Füllkrug wird eingeladen: Schalkes Krise nimmt kein Ende". kicker (in German). 26 September 2020. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
32. ^ "Nach 18 Spielen ohne Sieg: Schalke trennt sich von Wagner". kicker (in German). 27 September 2020. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
33. ^ "Die Punkteschnitte der Schalke-Trainer seit Magath". kicker (in German). 27 September 2020. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
34. ^ "Schalke stellt Baum am Mittag vor – Naldo wird Co-Trainer". kicker (in German). 30 September 2020. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
35. ^ a b "Paukenschlag auf Schalke: Stevens übernimmt für Baum". kicker (in German). Retrieved 18 December 2020.
36. ^ "Bundesliga – Bundesliga: Wieder kein Sieg! Schalke 04 nähert sich Tasmania-Rekord". ran.de (in German). 16 December 2020. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
37. ^ "0:2 gegen Freiburg: Schalke kommt Tasmania Berlin immer näher". Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (in German). ISSN 0174-4909. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
38. ^ "Bielefeld besteht im Kellerduell: Klos vermiest Stevens die Rückkehr". kicker (in German). Retrieved 19 December 2020.
39. ^ "Christian Gross ist neuer Chef-Trainer des FC Schalke 04". Schalke 04 (in German). 27 December 2020. Retrieved 27 December 2020.
40. ^ "Gross-Debüt misslingt: Cordoba nimmt Schalke den Wind aus den Segeln". kicker (in German). Retrieved 3 January 2021.
41. ^ "Bundesliga's longest winless streaks; Schalke nearing an unwanted record". Bulinews. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
42. ^ "Schalke 4–0 Hoffenheim: Matthew Hoppe hat-trick in first win in 31 Bundesliga games". BBC Sport. 9 January 2021. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
43. ^ "Crisis-hit Schalke sack Christian Gross in major clear out". BeSoccer. 28 February 2021.
44. ^ "Grammozis wird neuer Schalke-Trainer". Süddeutsche Zeitung (in German). 2 March 2021.
45. ^ a b Hlusiak, Marc (20 March 2021). "FC Schalke 04 historisch schlecht: Trauriger Eigentor-Rekord – diese Zahlen schockieren" [Schalke 04 historically bad: Sad own goal record – these numbers are shocking]. eurosport.de (in German). Retrieved 26 March 2021.
46. ^ "Bayer Leverkusen – Schalke 04: Trotz Niederlage – Huntelaar bewahrt S04-Trainer vor Negativ-Rekord" [Bayer Leverkusen – Schalke 04: Despite loss – Huntelaar saves S04 coach from starting with negative record]. derwesten.de (in German). 3 April 2021. Retrieved 3 April 2021.
47. ^ Selldorf, Philipp (21 April 2021). "Abstieg von Schalke 04: Das unvermeidliche Ende des Siechtums". Süddeutsche Zeitung (in German). Retrieved 21 April 2021.
48. ^ "Schalke players attacked by Schalke fans". Deutsche Welle. 20 April 2021.
49. ^ "Schalke promoted back to Bundesliga after one season away". AP News. Retrieved 7 May 2022.
50. ^ a b "Vladimir Putin, Gazprom and Schalke 04: How Russia sending troops to the Crimea is being felt in the Bundesliga". The Independent. 7 March 2014. Retrieved 3 August 2014.
51. ^ a b "Soccer Team Values". Forbes. May 2014. Retrieved 1 August 2014.
52. ^ a b c "Schalke 04". Forbes. May 2014. Retrieved 1 August 2014.
53. ^ Matthias Wolf (9 April 2020). "Studie: Schalke, Union und Paderborn finanziell auf der Kippe". Sportschau.de (in German). Retrieved 6 January 2021.
54. ^ "Schalke 04 in der Krise: Ex-Boss Heidel deutet wahres Ausmaß an – "Wir reden hier nicht über eine kleine Delle"". tz.de (in German). 11 May 2020. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
55. ^ "Der Kader des FC Schalke 04". Schalke 04 (in German). Retrieved 17 June 2021.
56. ^ a b c d e "Danny Latza is the new captain of Schalke 04". Schalke 04. 9 July 2021.
57. ^ "Schalkes Jahrhundertelf" (in German). derwesten.de. 25 June 2013. Retrieved 27 January 2014.
58. ^ "Bundesliga - All-time appearances - FC Schalke 04". worldfootball.net. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
59. ^ "Bundesliga - All-time topscorers - FC Schalke 04". worldfootball.net. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
60. ^ "UEFA Team Ranking 2020". kassiesa.home.xs4all.nl. Retrieved 28 February 2020.
61. ^ a b c "Schalke freut sich über 80.000. Vereins-Mitglied". focus.de (in German).
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63. ^ a b c "Streit um Einsatz gegen Saloniki – Polizei zieht sich aus Schalke-Arena zurück". Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (in German).
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67. ^ "Austritt aus dem SFCV". fan-ini.de (in German).
68. ^ a b c Fußball ist unser Leben Archived 25 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine, review in FilmSpiegel, 1999 (in German)
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• Official website  
• FC Schalke 04 at UEFA

A failed attempt to start a football club in the city in 1903 was followed up two years later by the successful creation of 1. Mainzer Fussballclub Hassia 1905. After a number of years of play in the Süddeutschen Fußballverband (South German Football League), the club merged with FC Hermannia 07 – the former football side of Mainzer TV 1817 – to form 1. Mainzer Fussballverein Hassia 05, which dropped "Hassia" from its name in August 1912. Another merger after World War I, in 1919, with Sportverein 1908 Mainz, resulted in the formation of 1. Mainzer Fußball- und Sportverein 05. Die Nullfünfer ("05") was a solid club that earned several regional league championships in the period between the wars and qualified for the opening round of the national championships in 1921, after winning the Kreisliga Hessen.[1]

Play during the Nazi era

In the late 1920s and early 1930s, the club earned decent results in the Bezirksliga Main-Hessen – Gruppe Hessen, including first-place finishes in 1932 and 1933. This merited the team a place in the Gauliga Südwest, one of 16 new first-division leagues formed in the re-organization of German football under the Third Reich. The club only managed a single season at that level before being relegated, due to the high intensity play that they were unable to keep up with. Karl Scherm scored in 23 out of 44 matches with Mainz during his last season. In 1938, Mainz was forced into a merger with Reichsbahn SV Mainz and played as Reichsbahn SV Mainz 05 until the end of World War II.[1]

Long march to the Bundesliga

After World War II, the club again joined the upper ranks of league play in Germany's Oberliga Südwest, but were never better than a mid-table side. It played in the top flight until the founding of the new professional league, the Bundesliga, in 1963 and would go on to play as a second division side for most of the next four decades. They withdrew for a time – from the late 1970s into the late 1980s – to the Amateur Oberliga Südwest (III), as the result of a series of financial problems.[3] Mainz earned honours as the German amateur champions in 1982.[4]

The club returned to professional play with promotion to the 2. Bundesliga for a single season in 1988–89 with Bodo Hertlein as president, before finally returning for an extended run in 1990–91. Initially, they were perennial relegation candidates, struggling hard each season to avoid being sent down. However, under unorthodox trainer Wolfgang Frank, Mainz became one of the first clubs in German football to adopt a flat four zone defence, as opposed to the then-popular man-to-man defence using a libero.[4]

Mainz failed in three attempts to make it to the top flight in 1996–97, 2001–02, and 2002–03, with close fourth-place finishes just out of the promotion zone. The last failed attempt stung as they were denied promotion in the 93rd minute of the last match of the season. One year earlier, Mainz became the best non-promoted team of all-time in the 2. Bundesliga with 64 points accumulated. However, the club's persistence paid dividends after promotion to the Bundesliga in 2003–04 under head coach Jürgen Klopp. The club played three seasons in the top flight but were relegated at the end of the 2006–07 season. Mainz then secured promotion back to the top flight just two years later, after the 2008–09 season.[4]

Mainz also earned a spot in the 2005–06 UEFA Cup in their debut Bundesliga season as Germany's nominee in the Fair Play draw which acknowledges positive play, respect for one's opponent, respect for the referee, the behaviour of the crowd and of team officials, as well as cautions and dismissals.[5] Due to the Bruchweg stadium's limited capacity, the home matches in UEFA Cup were played in Frankfurt's Commerzbank-Arena.[6] After defeating Armenian club Mika and Icelandic club Keflavík in the qualifying rounds, Mainz lost to eventual champions Sevilla 2–0 on aggregate in the first round.[7]

In the 2010–11 season, Mainz equalled the Bundesliga starting record by winning their first seven matches that season.[8] They ended the season with their best finish to date in fifth place, good enough to secure them their second entry to the UEFA Europa League,[9] where they were eliminated in the third qualifying round by Romanian club Gaz Metan Mediaș.[4]

The recent season-by-season performance of the club:[10][11]

The club currently plays its home matches at Mewa Arena, a new stadium opened in 2011 with a capacity of 34,034. The first event held at the new arena was the LIGA total! Cup 2011, which took place from 19 July through to 20 July 2011, with the other participants being Bayern Munich, Borussia Dortmund and Hamburger SV.[12]

Die Nullfünfer previously played at the Bruchwegstadion, built in 1928, and modified several times over the years to hold a crowd of over 20,300 spectators.[4] Averaging crowds of about 15,000 while in the 2. Bundesliga, the team's hard won recent success had them regularly filling their venue. The average home league attendance during the 2015–16 season was 30,324 spectators.[13]

Mainz is known for being one of the three foremost carnival cities in Germany, the others being Düsseldorf and Cologne. After every Mainzer goal scored at a home match, the "Narrhallamarsch", a famous German carnival tune, is played.[14]

Main article: 1. FSV Mainz 05 II

The club's reserve team, 1. FSV Mainz 05 II, has also, with the rise of the senior side to Bundesliga level, risen through the ranks. The team first reached Oberliga level in 1999, followed by promotion to the Regionalliga in 2003. After playing there for two seasons, the team dropped to the Oberliga once more. In 2008, it won promotion to the Regionalliga West again and when this league was reduced in size in 2012, it entered the new Regionalliga Südwest. A third-place finish in this league in 2014 allowed the team to enter the promotion round to the 3. Liga, where it was successful against the Regionalliga Nordost champions and played at this level in 2014–15.

• 1Q: First qualifying round
• 2Q: Second qualifying round
• 3Q: Third qualifying round
• 1R: First round

1. ^ Gaz Metan Mediaș progressed to play-off round after winning Penalty shoot-out 4–3.

• German amateur champions: 1982
• Regionalliga Südwest (II) champions: 1973
• Oberliga Südwest (III) champions: 1981, 1988, 1990
• Amateurliga Südwest (III) champions: 1978

• Kreisliga Hessen (I) champions: 1921
• Bezirksliga Rheinhessen-Saar (I) champions: 1927
• Bezirksliga Main-Hessen (Hessen group) (I) champions: 1932, 1933
• South West Cup (Tiers III-VII) winners: 1980, 1982, 1986

• German under 19 champions: 2009
• Under 17 Bundesliga South/Southwest champions: 2014

• DFB-Pokal semi-finalists: 2009
• UEFA Fair Play selection: 2005

• Oberliga Südwest (IV) champions: 2003, 2008
• South West Cup winners: 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

For recent transfers, see List of German football transfers summer 2021.

•   Paul Oßwald (1933–35)
•   Helmut Schneider (1946–48)
•   Berno Wischmann (1950 – October 50)
•   Hans Geiger (October 1950–52)
•   Georg Bayerer (1952–53)
•   Emil Izsó (1953 – Dec 54)
•   Heinz Baas (1959–66)
•   Erich Bäumler (1967–68)
•   Bernd Hoss (1971–74)
•   Uwe Klimaschefski (1 July 1974 – 21 September 1974)
•   Gerd Menne (1 Oct 1974 – 7 December 1975)
•   Gerd Higi (interim) (5 December 1975 – 31 December 1975)
•   Horst Hülß (16 January 1976 – 30 June 1980)
•   Herbert Dörenberg (1980 – March 83)
•   Lothar Emmerich (March 1983–84)
•   Horst-Dieter Strich (1984–88)
•   Horst Hülß (1 July 1988 – 13 February 1989)
•   Robert Jung (14 February 1989 – 30 June 1992)
•   Josip Kuze (1 July 1992 – 15 October 1994)
•   Hermann Hummels (20 October 1994 – 17 April 1995)
•   Horst Franz (18 April 1995 – 13 September 1995)
•   Manfred Lorenz (interim) (14 September 1995 – 23 September 1995)
•   Wolfgang Frank (25 September 1995 – 2 March 1997)
•   Manfred Lorenz (interim) (3 March 1997 – 10 March 1997)
•   Reinhard Saftig (11 March 1997 – 23 August 1997)
•   Manfred Lorenz (interim) (23 August 1997 – 15 September 1997)
•   Dietmar Constantini (24 August 1997 – 9 April 1998)
•   Wolfgang Frank (9 April 1998 – 17 April 2000)
•   Dirk Karkuth (18 April 2000 – 30 June 2000)
•   René Vandereycken (1 July 2000 – 14 November 2000)
•   Manfred Lorenz (interim) (15 November 2000 – 21 November 2000)
•   Eckhard Krautzun (21 November 2000 – 28 February 2001)
•   Jürgen Klopp (28 February 2001 – 30 June 2008)
•   Jörn Andersen (1 July 2008 – 3 August 2009)
•   Thomas Tuchel (3 August 2009 – 11 May 2014)
•   Kasper Hjulmand (15 May 2014 – 17 February 2015)
•   Martin Schmidt (17 February 2015 – 22 May 2017)
•   Sandro Schwarz (1 July 2017 – 10 November 2019)
•   Achim Beierlorzer (18 November 2019 – 28 September 2020)
•   Jan-Moritz Lichte (28 September 2020 – 28 December 2020)
•   Jan Siewert (interim) (28 December 2020 – 4 January 2021)
•   Bo Svensson (4 January 2021 –)

• The Football Club Social Alliance

1. ^ a b c "Chronik – Der Anfang" (in German). Mainz 05. Archived from the original on 24 January 2013. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
2. ^ "Vereinsparten" (in German). Mainz 05. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
3. ^ "Chronik – Nachkriegsjahre" (in German). Mainz 05. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
4. ^ a b c d e "Chronik – Bis Heute" (in German). Mainz 05. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
5. ^ "Mainz set for European debut". UEFA. 2 June 2005. Retrieved 4 August 2011.
6. ^ "Mainz 05 weicht nach Frankfurt aus" (in German). netzeitung.de. 11 June 2005. Retrieved 4 August 2011.
7. ^ "Keine Sensation in Mainz, Sevilla siegt 2:0" (in German). n-tv.de. 29 September 2005. Retrieved 4 August 2011.
8. ^ "Hamburg end Mainz's record bid". UEFA. 16 October 2010. Retrieved 4 August 2011.
9. ^ "Season review: Germany". UEFA. 23 June 2011. Retrieved 4 August 2011.
10. ^ "Willkommen beim Deutschen Fußball-Archiv" [Welcome to the German Football Archives]. Das deutsche Fußball-Archiv (in German). Archived from the original on 24 February 2016. Retrieved 24 February 2016. Historical German domestic league tables
11. ^ "News > Ergebnisse & Tabellen" [News > Results and Tables] (in German). Archived from the original on 21 July 2014. Retrieved 24 February 2016. Tables and results of all German football leagues
12. ^ LIGA total! Cup 2011 in der Mainzer Coface Arena Archived 19 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine Press release
13. ^ "1. Bundesliga Zuschauer 2015/16". Kicker Online (in German). Nuremberg: Olympia-Verlag GmbH. n.d. Retrieved 15 May 2016.
14. ^ "Der Narrhallamarsch" [The Narrhalla March] (in German). 8 September 2011. Retrieved 24 February 2016.
15. ^ "Mannschaft". mainz05.de.
16. ^ "1. FSV Mainz 05 Squad". bundesliga.com.
17. ^ "1. FSV Mainz 05 Die Offizielle Website > Staff" [1. FSV Mainz 05 The Official Website > Staff]. Mainz05.de (in English and German). Archived from the original on 21 July 2015. Retrieved 4 January 2021.
18. ^ "Svensson neuer 05-Cheftrainer". mainz05.de. Retrieved 4 January 2021.

• Official website