The Centroid of a triangle is the point of intersection of the medians of a triangle. To find the centroid of a triangle Let A (x\(_{1}\), y\(_{1}\)), B (x\(_{2}\), y\(_{2}\)) and C (x\(_{3}\), y\(_{3}\)) are the three vertices of the ∆ABC . Let D be the midpoint of side BC. Since, the coordinates of B (x\(_{2}\), y\(_{2}\)) and C (x\(_{3}\), y\(_{3}\)), the coordinate of the point D are (\(\frac{x_{2} + x_{3}}{2}\), \(\frac{y_{2} + y_{3}}{2}\)). Let G(x, y) be the centroid of the triangle ABC. Then, from the geometry, G is on the median AD and it divides AD in the ratio 2 : 1, that is AG : GD = 2 : 1. Therefore, x = \(\left \{\frac{2\cdot
\frac{(x_{2} + x_{3})}{2} + 1 \cdot x_{1}}{2 + 1}\right \}\) = \(\frac{x_{1} +
x _{2} + x_{3}}{3}\) y = \(\left \{\frac{2\cdot \frac{(y_{2} + y_{3})}{2} + 1 \cdot y_{1}}{2 + 1}\right \}\) = \(\frac{y_{1} + y _{2} + y_{3}}{3}\) Therefore, the coordinate of the G are (\(\frac{x_{1} + x _{2} + x_{3}}{3}\), \(\frac{y_{1} + y _{2} + y_{3}}{3}\)) Hence, the centroid of a triangle whose vertices are (x\(_{1}\), y\(_{1}\)), (x\(_{2}\), y\(_{2}\)) and (x\(_{3}\), y\(_{3}\)) has the coordinates (\(\frac{x_{1} + x _{2} + x_{3}}{3}\), \(\frac{y_{1} + y _{2} + y_{3}}{3}\)). Note: The centroid of a triangle divides each median in the ratio 2 : 1 (vertex to base). Solved examples to find the centroid of a triangle: 1. Find the co-ordinates of the point of intersection of the medians of trangle ABC; given A = (-2, 3), B = (6, 7) and C = (4, 1). Solution: Here, (x\(_{1}\) = -2, y\(_{1}\) = 3), (x\(_{2}\) = 6, y\(_{2}\) = 7) and (x\(_{3}\) = 4, y\(_{3}\) = 1), Let G (x, y) be the centroid of the triangle ABC. Then, x = \(\frac{x_{1} + x _{2} + x_{3}}{3}\) = \(\frac{(-2) + 6 + 4}{3}\) = \(\frac{8}{3}\) y = \(\frac{y_{1} + y _{2} + y_{3}}{3}\) = \(\frac{3 + 7 + 1}{3}\) = \(\frac{11}{3}\) Therefore, the coordinates of the centroid G of the triangle ABC are (\(\frac{8}{3}\), \(\frac{11}{3}\)) Thus, the coordinates of the point of intersection of the medians of triangle are (\(\frac{8}{3}\), \(\frac{11}{3}\)). 2. The three vertices of the triangle ABC are (1, -4), (-2, 2) and (4, 5) respectively. Find the centroid and the length of the median through the vertex A. Solution: Here, (x\(_{1}\) = 1, y\(_{1}\) = -4), (x\(_{2}\) = -2, y\(_{2}\) = 2) and (x\(_{3}\) = 4, y\(_{3}\) = 5), Let G (x, y) be the centroid of the triangle ABC. Then, x = \(\frac{x_{1} + x _{2} + x_{3}}{3}\) = \(\frac{1 + (-2) + 4}{3}\) = \(\frac{3}{3}\) = 1 y = \(\frac{y_{1} + y _{2} + y_{3}}{3}\) = \(\frac{(-4) + 2 + 5}{3}\) = \(\frac{3}{3}\) = 1 Therefore, the coordinates of the centroid G of the triangle ABC are (1, 1). D is the middle point of the side BC of the triangle ABC. Therefore, the coordinates of D are (\(\frac{(-2) + 4}{2}\), \(\frac{2 + 5}{2}\)) = (1, \(\frac{7}{2}\)) Therefore, the length of the median AD = \(\sqrt{(1 - 1)^{2} + (-4 - \frac{7}{2})^{2}}\) = \(\frac{15}{2}\) units. 3. Two vertices of a triangle are (1, 4) and (3, 1). If the centroid of the triangle is the origin, find the third vertex. Solution: Let the coordinates of the third vertex are (h, k). Therefore, the coordinates of the centroid of the triangle (\(\frac{1 + 3 + h}{3}\), \(\frac{4 + 1 + k}{3}\)) According to the problem we know that the centroid of the given triangle is (0, 0) Therefore, \(\frac{1 + 3 + h}{3}\) = 0 and \(\frac{4 + 1 + k}{3}\) = 0 ⟹ h = -4 and k = -5 Therefore, the third vertex of the given triangle are (-4, -5). ● Distance and Section Formulae 10th Grade Math From Centroid of a Triangle to HOME
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Solution: It is given the centroid is origin and two vertices are $(2,4,6)$ and $(0,-2,-5)$ Suppose the third vertex be $(x, y, z)$ The coordinates of the centroid for a triangle is given by the average of the coordinates of its vertices. $\begin{array}{l} \Rightarrow(0,0,0)=\left(\frac{2+0+x}{3}, \frac{4+(-2)+y}{3}, \frac{6+(-5)+z}{3}\right) \\ \Rightarrow \frac{2+x}{3}=0, \therefore x=-2 \\ \Rightarrow \frac{2+y}{3}=0, \therefore y=-2 \\ \Rightarrow \frac{1+x}{3}=0, \therefore x=-1 \end{array}$ So, the third vertex is $(-2,-2,-1)$. Given the centroid of Δ ABC is at origin , i.e. G (0 , 0). Let the coordinates of third vertex be (x , y). Coordinates of G are , G (0 , 0) = G `((1 + 3 + "x")/3 , (4 + 1 + "y")/3)` O = `(4 + "x")/2` , O = `(5 + "y")/2` x = - 4 , y = -5 Coordinates of third vertex are (-4 , -5) |