Describe horizontal and vertical power sharing in modern democracies? Show
Posted by Ishwar Tundwal 4 years, 11 months ago
Vertical Powers Sharing (i) In Vertical Division of powers, power can be shared among governments at different levels like union, state and local levels of such government, i.e., it involves higher and lower levels of government. (ii) Whereas, in vertical division of powers, constitution clearly lays down the powers of different levels of government. (iii) There is no such concept of checks and balances in the vertical Division because powers are clearly given by the constitution from the higher level to the lower level. (iv) Vertical division of powers promotes the concept of deepening of democracy.
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Horizontal Powers Sharing (i) Horizontal Division of powers is such a power sharing arrangement in which power is shared , among different organs of government as, legislature, executive and judiciary. (ii) In horizontal division of powers, different organs of government exercise different powers, i.e., there is a concept of separation of powers. (iii) Horizontal distribution specifies the concept of checks and balances in order to check the exercises of unlimited powers of the organs. (iv) Horizontal distribution of power ensures the concept of the expansion of democracy. Vertical Powers Sharing (i) In Vertical Division of powers, power can be shared among governments at different levels like union, state and local levels of such government, i.e., it involves higher and lower levels of government. (ii) Whereas, in vertical division of powers, constitution clearly lays down the powers of different levels of government. (iii) There is no such concept of checks and balances in the vertical Division because powers are clearly given by the constitution from the higher level to the lower level. (iv) Vertical division of powers promotes the concept of deepening of democracy.
Open in App Suggest Corrections 14 In horizontal power-sharing, no organ has unlimited or absolute powers, whereas, in the case of vertical power-sharing, the power of the central government is the highest and local government is lowest. Democracy is based on the notion that – the source of all political power is people, i.e. citizens of the country. An ideal democracy is one where due respect is given to all the groups and views which are prevalent in society. And that is why it is believed that political power should be distributed among the maximum possible citizens. Therefore, the concept of power-sharing emerged. What is Power Sharing?Power-sharing is an arrangement wherein powers and responsibilities are divided among different organs, levels and social groups. It can take many forms. Of which two most popular forms are – Horizontal Power Sharing and Vertical Power Sharing. Content: Horizontal Vs Vertical Power Sharing
Comparison Chart
Definition of Horizontal Power SharingIn a democratic government, power is divided among different bodies, i.e. legislative, executive and judiciary, wherein legislative body makes laws, executive body implements or enforces them, while it is the judiciary who interprets them. Such a division of power is called horizontal power-sharing, in which the different government organs are placed at the same rank/position to exercise their power. So, a demarcation is maintained between the organs, which ensures that no government body exercise the absolute power. In this manner, checks and balances of power are maintained, as each organ checks the other, resulting in the balance of power among various bodies. In India, the Legislative organ comprises of the Parliament or Legislative Assembly, Executive organ comprises of the Prime Minister and Cabinet Ministers, while the Supreme Court comes under the Judiciary organ. Definition of Vertical Power SharingIn vertical power-sharing, the power is shared among the government working at different levels, i.e. the higher and lower levels. The constitution explicitly describes the powers of each level of government and the lower organ works under the higher one. This is known as the Federal Division of Power. In this power-sharing arrangement, there is a common government for the whole country and government at the provincial and regional level. In India, the common government is called the Central Government, while the government working at the provincial and regional level is the State government and Local Self government respectively.So, there are a number of matters of issues on which the Union government has the exclusive power to make decisions, while there are some matters on which the power is assigned to the State government to take a decision on a matter, which concerns their State. In general, the Central government looks after the development of the entire country, while it is the responsibility of the State Government to develop the State.
The points given below are noteworthy, so far as the difference between horizontal and vertical power-sharing is concerned:
ConclusionInitially, there is an undivided political power because it is believed that if power is distributed then decision making will be delayed. But, with the introduction of democracy, such beliefs are changed. The power-sharing arrangements give more power to the general public, from choosing their representatives to having a voice in deciding the public policies. |