Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences Module 3 answer key

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Subject: Discipline and Ideas in the Social Science – Module 3

they contribute to social stability and dysfunctional if they disrupt social stability. Some

aspects of society can be both functional and dysfunctional. For example, crime is

dysfunctional because it is associated with physical violence, loss of property, and fear.

But according to Durkheim and other functionalists, crime is also functional for society

because it leads to heightened awareness of shared moral bonds and increased social

cohesion.

Robert Merton (1968) has identified two types of functions: (1) Manifest

function and (2) Latent function. The manifest functions are consequences that

are intended and commonly recognized. An example of manifest function in

education is to transmit knowledge and skills to the youth in society. While, latent

functions are consequences that are unintended and often hidden. An example of

latent function in education is the socialization with peers and adults and conformity to

the norms.

MARXISM

The starting point of the conflict perspective can be rooted with the great works of

Karl Marx (1818–1883). He proposed that all social orders experience phases of

financial turn of events. As societies evolve from agricultural to industrial concern over

meeting survival needs is replaced by concern over making a profit, the hallmark of a

capitalist system. Industrialization prompts the improvement of two classes of

individuals: (1) the bourgeoisie or proprietors of the methods for creation and (2)

the proletariat or laborers who triumph for compensation. The division of society

into two expansive classes of individuals the "haves" and the "have-nots" is

valuable to the proprietors of the methods for creation. The laborers, who may gain

just means compensation, are denied access to the numerous assets accessible to the

rich proprietors.

As indicated by Marx, the bourgeoisie utilize their capacity to control the

establishments of society for their potential benefit. For instance, Marx recommended

that religion fills in as a "sedative of the majority" in that it calms the pain and enduring

related with the average workers way of life and spotlights the laborers' consideration on

other worldliness, God, and existence in the wake of death instead of on such common

worries as day to day environments. Basically, religion redirects the laborers with the

goal that they focus on being compensated in paradise for carrying on with an ethical

life instead of on scrutinizing their misuse.

The conflict perspective sees society as made out of various gatherings and

enthusiasm seeking force and assets. The conflict perspective clarifies different parts of

our social world by seeing which gatherings have force and advantage from a specific

social game plan.

Max Weber (1864-1920) added that there were also inequalities of social

structure and political power that caused struggle. He noted that various groups were

treated differently based on race, educational, and gender. Relative to this is the

normative feminist view society as a male centric culture—a various levelled

arrangement of association constrained by men. In spite of the fact that there are

numerous assortments of women's activist hypothesis, most would hold that feminism

“demands that existing economic, political, and social structures be changed” (Weir and

Faulkner 2004, p.xii).

SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM

Symbolic interactionism mirrors the miniaturized scale sociological viewpoint, and

was to a great extent affected by the works of early sociologists and scholars such as

George Simmel (1858-1918), Charles Cooley (1864-1929), George Herbert Mead

(1863-1931), and Erving Goffman (1922-1982). Symbolic Interactionism is a theory