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A type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events.

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Term
 Definition
The process of acquiring through experience new and relatively enduring information or behaviors
Term
 Definition
Learning that certain events occur together. the events may be two stimuli (as in classical conditioning) or a response and its consequences (as in operant conditioning)
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 Definition
Any event or situation that evokes a response
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 Definition
The acquisition of mental information, whether by observing events, by watching others, or through language
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 Definition
A type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events
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 Definition
Explored classical conditioning - Dog experiment
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 Definition
The view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologists today agree with 1 but not 2
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 Definition
In classical conditioning, a stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning
Term
Unconditioned Response (UR)
 Definition
In classical conditioning, an unlearned, naturally occuring response (such as salivation) to an unconditioned stimulus (US) (such as food in the mouth)
Term
Unconditioned Stimulus (US)
 Definition
In classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally-naturally and automatically-triggers a response (UR)
Term
Conditioned Response (CR)
 Definition
In classical conditioning, a learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus (CS)
Term
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
 Definition
In classical conditioning, an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus (US), comes to trigger a conditioned response (CR)
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 Definition
In classical conditioning, the initial stange, when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response. In operant conditioning, the strengthening of a reinforced response
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 Definition
The diminshing of a conditioned response; occurs in classical conditioning when an unconditioned stimulus does not follow a conditioned stimulus; occurs in operant conditioning when a response is no longer reinforced
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 Definition
The reapparance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response
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 Definition
The tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses
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 Definition
In classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus
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 Definition
"Little Albert" experiement; Lound noise sounded when a white rat was presented. Example of classical conditioning.
Term
 Definition
type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher
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 Definition
Thorndike's principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely, and that behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely
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 Definition
In operant conditioning research, a chamber (also known as a Skinner box) containing a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain a food or water reinforcer; attached devices record the animal's rate of bar pressing or key pecking
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 Definition
In operant conditioning, any event that strengthens the behavior it follows
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 Definition
An operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior
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 Definition
Designed the operant chamber
Term
 Definition
Increasing behaviors by presenting positive reinforcers. A positive reinforcer is any stimulus that, when presented after a response, strengthens the response
Term
 Definition
Increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing negative stimuli. A negative reinforcer is any stimulus that, when removed after a response, strengthens the response. (not punishment)
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 Definition
An innately reinforcing stimulus, such as one that satisfies a biological need
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 Definition
A stimulus that gains its reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer; also known as a secondary reinforcer
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 Definition
Reinforcing the desired response every time it occurs
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 Definition
A pattern that defines how often a desired response will be reinforced
Term
Partial (intermittent) Reinforcement
 Definition
Reinforcing a response only part of the time; results in slower acquisition of a response, but much greater resistance to extinction than does continuous reinforcement
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 Definition
In operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedue that reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses
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 Definition
In operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses
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 Definition
In operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified time has elapsed
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Variable-Interval Schedule
 Definition
In operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals
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 Definition
An event that tends to decrease the behavior it follows
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 Definition
Behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus
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 Definition
Behavior that operates on the environment, producing consequences
Term
 Definition

A mental representation of the layout of one's environment. For example, after exploring a maze, rats act as if they have learned a cognitive map of it
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 Definition
Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it
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 Definition
A desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake
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 Definition
A desire to perform a behavior to recieve promised rewards or avoid threatened punishment
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 Definition
Learning by observing others
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 Definition
The process of observing an imitating a specific behavior
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 Definition
Bobo doll - observational learning and modeling
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 Definition
Frontal lobe neurons that some scientists believe fire when performing certain actions or when observing another doing so. The brain's mirroring of another's action may enable imitation and empathy
Term
 Definition
Positive, constructive, helpful behavior. The opposite of antisocial behavior

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A type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events.

A type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events.

A type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events.

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