What is a general term applied to any use of computers and networking to support the paperless exchange of goods and information in the commercial sector?

Chapter 71.A(n)URLis the worldwide identification of a webpage located on a specifichost computer on the Internet.2.Hypertextis a collection of documents interconnected by pointers.3.Virtualizationis the term for the separation of a service from the entity (orentities) providing that service.4.ALocal area networkconnects hardware devices such as computers,printers, and storage devices that are all in close proximity.5.Resource sharingis the ability to share physical resources, such as aprinter or storage device, as well as logical resources, such as softwareand information.6.In the early days of networking, the most common way to transmit datawas viaswitched, dial-up telephone lines.7.Social networksare systems that create communities of users who sharecommon interests and activities and which provide multiple methods ofonline interaction.8.A modem modulates a standard analog signal called acarrierwave so thatit encodes binary information.

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07 Invitation to Computer Science

Description

Chapter 7 - Computer Networks, the Internet, and the World Wide Web

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A network control message that says that your message correctly arrived at its destination

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1) acknowledgment message (ACK)

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The rules for implementing the end-user services provided by a network

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2) application layer protocols

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Automatic repeat request algorithm; the basis for all data link control protocols in current use

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Capacity for transmitting data

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A Web-based publication consisting of virtually any periodic articles that its writer(s) wish to share with the general public

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A low-power wireless standard used to communicate between devices located close to each other, typically no more than 3050 feet

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A smarter device than a repeater that has knowledge about the nodes located on each separate network; examines every message to see if it should be forwarded from one network to another

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Any communication link with a transmission rate exceeding 256,000 bps; typical broadband options for home users are cable modem and digital subscriber line (DSL)

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Messages are sent by a node on a local area network to every other node on that same LAN

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Shared public file(s) where anyone can post messages and everyone is free to read the postings of others

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10) bulletin board systems (BBS)

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(1) a path for electrical signals; (2) LAN topology in which all nodes are connected to a single shared communication line

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Technology that makes use of the links that deliver cable TV signals into your home; often offered by cable TV providers

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The style of computing wherein some nodes provide services while the remaining nodes are users (or clients) of those services

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13) client/server computing

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When two or more nodes on a shared link transmit at the same time and destroy each other's message

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A set of independent computer systems connected by telecommunication links for the purpose of sharing information and resources

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Nodes that contain massive amounts of information that can be electronically searched to locate specific facts or documents

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A line that directly connects two machines

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17) dedicated point-to-point line

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Technology that makes use of the same wires that carry regular telephone signals into your home; often provided by a local telephone company. DSL uses digital--not analog--signals and a different set of frequencies than your phone, and so does not interfere with phone calls

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18) digital subscriber line (DSL)

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A database distributed among the geographically dispersed sites of a multinational corporation and shared as needed

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Converts from a symbolic host name such as macalester.edu to its 32-bit IP address

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20) Domain Name System (DNS)

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electronic mail; the single most popular application of networks for the last 30 years

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A general term applied to any use of computers and networking to support the paperless exchange of goods, information, and services in the commercial sector

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22) electronic commerce (e-commerce)

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The process of determining whether a message did or did not arrive correctly and, if not, getting a correct copy of that information

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23) error detection and correction

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The most widely used broadband technology; developed in the 1970s and originally designed to operate at 10 Mbps using coaxial cable

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Transmits at 100 Mbps over coaxial cable, fiber-optic cable, or regular twisted-pair copper wire

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Shared data-storage disk(s) available across a network

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A software component that controls access from a network to a computer system

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Identifying the start and end of a message sent over a network

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Device that makes internetwork connections and provides routing between different WANs

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30) gigabit Ethernet standard
IEEE standard that supports communication on an Ethernet cable at 1,000 Mbps (1 Gpbs)

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30) gigabit Ethernet standard

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Transmission lines that support speeds of 1 billion bits per second (Gbps)

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Software that facilitates the efforts of individuals working on a single shared project over a network

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The symbolic, character-oriented name assigned to a host computer

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Hypertext Transfer Protocol; the protocol used by the World Wide Web to transfer pages of information coded in hypertext markup language (HTML)

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A collection of documents interconnected by pointers, called links

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36) IEEE 802.11 wireless network standards

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International professional society responsible for developing industrial standards in the telecommunications area

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37) Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

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A huge, interconnected network of networks that includes nodes, LANs, WANs, bridges, routers, and multiple levels of ISPs

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Online forums support posting a message that can be read at a later time, as well as real-time interactive messagingthe sender's message can appear immediately on the screen of one or more individuals, allowing for the direct exchange of ideas

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A business whose purpose is to provide access from a private network (such as a corporate or university network) to the Internet, or from an individual's computer to the Internet

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40) Internet Service Provider (ISP)

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A nonprofit, nongovernmental, professional society composed of more than 100 worldwide organizations (e.g., foundations, governmental agencies, educational institutions, companies) in 180 countries united by the common goal of maintaining the viability and health of the Internet

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A concept first developed by Robert Kahn of ARPA; states that any WAN is free to do whatever it wants internally

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The network layer in the Internet

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43) IP (Internet Protocol)

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The 32-bit binary address that the Internet uses to identify a given host computer

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A network that connects hardware devices such as computers, printers, and storage devices that are in close proximity to each other

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45) local area network (LAN)

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Protocols that ensure a message traveling from source to destination arrives correctly

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46) logical link control protocols

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Protocols that determine how to arbitrate ownership of a shared line when multiple nodes want to send messages at the same time

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47) medium access control protocols

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Installing Wi-Fi routers every few blocks throughout a city to provide convenient, low-coast wireless Internet access to all residents

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The ability to deliver data to users regardless of their location

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Device that modulates, or alters, a standard analog signal (called a carrier) so that it encodes binary information

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Protocols that ensure a message is delivered from the site where it was created to its ultimate destination

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51) network layer protocols

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An individual computer on a network; also called host

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An information block with a fixed maximum size that is transmitted through the network as a single unit

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Govern the exchange of binary digits across a physical communication channel, such as a fiber-optic cable, copper wire, or wireless radio channel

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54) physical layer protocols

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A numeric identification of a program running on a host computer. It is used by the transport control protocols

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Shared printers available across a network

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In networking, a mutually agreed upon set of rules, conventions, and agreements for the efficient and orderly exchange of information

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The hierarchical set of network protocols that are used to transmist messages across a network

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58) protocol hierarchy (protocol stack)

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Device that simply amplifies and forwards a signal

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The ability to share physical resources, such as a printer or storage device, as well as logical resources, such as software, data, and information

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LAN topology that connects the network nodes in a circular fashion, with messages circulating around the ring in either a clockwise or counterclockwise direction until they reach their destination

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Device that connects networks

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Selecting one specific path through the Internet among various nodes

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A wire (such as twisted-pair copper wire, coaxial cable, or fiber-optic cable) is literally strung around and through a building. Users tap into the cable at its nearest point

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Systems that provide multiple methods of online interaction and create communities of users who share common interests and activities

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Definition

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LAN topology that has a single central node that is connected to all other sites. This central node can route information directly to any other node in the LAN. Messages are first sent to the central site, which then forwards them to the correct location.

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Technology used by WANs to deliver messages that hop from one node to another to make their way from source to destination

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68) store-and-forward, packet-switched

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A device that allows you to build a LAN by connecting devices to an Ethernet interface in each room

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When you dial a telephone number, a circuit (i.e., a path) is temporarily established between the caller and callee

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70) switched, dial-up telephone lines

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Transport Control Protocol/Internet Protocol; the name of the specific protocol stack used in the Internet

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The primary transport protocol on the Internet

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72) Transport Control Protocol (TCP)

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Protocols that create a program-to-program delivery service, in which we don't simply move messages from one host to another, but from a specific program at the source to a specific program at the destination

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73) transport layer protocols

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Computers that are embedded pervasively in the environment, providing services in a seamless, efficient manner; also called pervasive computing

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A symbolic string that identifies a Web page

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75) Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

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Wireless transmissions that use IEEE 802.11 standards for local wireless access

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76) Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity)

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Wireless base station (router)

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Connects devices that are not in close proximity

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78) wide area network (WAN)

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A set of Web pages that everyone is free to access, add to, or modify

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Term

Transmitting data using radio, microwave, and infrared signals

Definition

80) wireless data communication

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A wireless network in which the user transmits from his or her computer to a local wireless base station, often referred to as a wireless router, that is no more than a few hundred feet away; this base station is then connected to a traditional wired network, such as a DSL or cable modem to provide full Internet access

Definition

81) wireless local area network (WLAN)

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Nodes (often a tablet or smart phone) transmit messages to a remote base station provided by a telecommunications company, which may be located many miles away. The base station is usually a large cellular antenna placed on top of a tower or building, providing both long-distance voice and data communication services to any system within sight of the tower

Definition

82) wireless wide area network (WWAN)

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The hypertext information system developed by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN in the late 1980s

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Term

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