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1. In the video that describes the anatomy of an attack, a threat actor was able to gain access through a network device, download data, and destroy it. Which flaw allowed the threat actor to do this?
Hint/Explanation: The company had a flat network with no subnets. The threat actor was able to access and destroy all kinds of corporate data due to a thermostat that was on the network, but was not scanned as part of the security procedures. 2. What method can be used to mitigate ping sweeps?
Hint/Explanation: To mitigate ping sweeps, ICMP echo and echo-reply messages can be blocked on network edge routers. This does come at a cost. Because ICMP is also used for network diagnostic data, this diagnostic data will be blocked as well. 3. When the CLI is used to configure an ISR for a site-to-site VPN connection, which two items must be specified to enable a crypto map policy? (Choose two.)
Hint/Explanation: After the crypto map command in global configuration mode has been issued, the new crypto map will remain disabled until a peer and a valid access list have been configured. 4. How does a firewall handle traffic when it is originating from the public network and traveling to the DMZ network?
5. Refer to the exhibit. A corporate network is using NTP to synchronize the time across devices. What can be determined from the displayed output?
6. When describing malware, what is a difference between a virus and a worm?
Hint/Explanation: Malware can be classified as follows: Virus (self-replicates by attaching to another program or file) Worm (replicates independently of another program) Trojan horse (masquerades as a legitimate file or program) Rootkit (gains privileged access to a machine while concealing itself) Spyware (collects information from a target system) Adware (delivers advertisements with or without consent) Bot (waits for commands from the hacker) Ransomware (holds a computer system or data captive until payment isreceived) 7. Which type of packet is unable to be filtered by an outbound ACL?
Hint/Explanation: Traffic that originates within a router such as pings from a command prompt, remote access from a router to another device, or routing updates are not affected by outbound access lists. The traffic must flow through the router in order for the router to apply the ACEs. 8. What are two methods to maintain certificate revocation status? (Choose two.)
Hint/Explanation: A digital certificate might need to be revoked if its key is compromised or it is no longer needed. The certificate revocation list (CRL) and Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP), are two common methods to check a certificate revocation status. 9. Which protocol is an IETF standard that defines the PKI digital certificate format? Hint/Explanation: To address the interoperability of different PKI vendors, IETF published the Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure Certificate Policy and Certification Practices Framework (RFC 2527). The standard defines the format of a digital certificate. 10. A network administrator is configuring DAI on a switch. Which command should be used on the uplink interface that connects to a router?
Hint/Explanation: In general, a router serves as the default gateway for the LAN or VLAN on the switch. Therefore, the uplink interface that connects to a router should be a trusted port for forwarding ARP requests. 11. Consider the access list command applied outbound on a router serial interface. access-list 100 deny icmp 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255 any echo replyWhat is the effect of applying this access list command?
12. Which command is used to activate an IPv6 ACL named ENG_ACL on an interface so that the router filters traffic prior to accessing the routing table?
Hint/Explanation: For the purpose of applying an access list to a particular interface, the ipv6 traffic-filter IPv6 command is equivalent to the access-group IPv4 command. The direction in which the traffic is examined (in or out) is also required. 13. A client connects to a Web server. Which component of this HTTP connection is not examined by a stateful firewall?
Hint/Explanation: Stateful firewalls cannot prevent application layer attacks because they do not examine the actual contents of the HTTP connection. 14. Which network monitoring technology uses VLANs to monitor traffic on remote switches? Hint/Explanation: Remote SPAN (RSPAN) enables a network administrator to use the flexibility of VLANs to monitor traffic on remote switches. 15. Which rule action will cause Snort IPS to block and log a packet? Hint/Explanation: Snort IPS mode can perform all the IDS actions plus the following: – Drop – Block and log the packet. – Reject – Block the packet, log it, and then send a TCP reset if the protocol is TCP or an ICMP port unreachable message if the protocol is UDP. – Sdrop – Block the packet but do not log it. 16. What is typically used to create a security trap in the data center facility?
Hint/Explanation: Security traps provide access to the data halls where data center data is stored. As shown in the figure below, a security trap is similar to an air lock. A person must first enter the security trap using their badge ID proximity card. After the person is inside the security trap, facial recognition, fingerprints, or other biometric verifications are used to open the second door. The user must repeat the process to exit the data hall. 17. A company is concerned with leaked and stolen corporate data on hard copies. Which data loss mitigation technique could help with this situation?
Hint/Explanation: Confidential data should be shredded when no longer required. Otherwise, a thief could retrieve discarded reports and gain valuable information. 18. Upon completion of a network security course, a student decides to pursue a career in cryptanalysis. What job would the student be doing as a cryptanalyst?
19. What command is used on a switch to set the port access entity type so the interface acts only as an authenticator and will not respond to any messages meant for a supplicant?
Hint/Explanation: Sets the Port Access Entity (PAE) type.
20. What are two disadvantages of using an IDS? (Choose two.)
Hint/Explanation: The disadvantage of operating with mirrored traffic is that the IDS cannot stop malicious single-packet attacks from reaching the target before responding to the attack. Also, an IDS often requires assistance from other networking devices, such as routers and firewalls, to respond to an attack. An advantage of an IDS is that by working offline using mirrored traffic, it has no impact on traffic flow. 21. Refer to the exhibit. The ip verify source command is applied on untrusted interfaces. Which type of attack is mitigated by using this configuration?
Hint/Explanation: To protect against MAC and IP address spoofing, apply the IP Source Guard security feature, using the ip verify source command, on untrusted ports. 22. What ports can receive forwarded traffic from an isolated port that is part of a PVLAN?
Hint/Explanation: PVLANs are used to provide Layer 2 isolation between ports within the same broadcast domain. The level of isolation can be specified with three types of PVLAN ports: – Promiscuous ports that can forward traffic to all other ports – Isolated ports that can only forward traffic to promiscuous ports – Community ports that can forward traffic to other community ports and promiscuous ports 23. A user complains about being locked out of a device after too many unsuccessful AAA login attempts. What could be used by the network administrator to provide a secure authentication access method without locking a user out of a device?
Hint/Explanation: The login delay command introduces a delay between failed login attempts without locking the account. This provides a user with unlimited attempts at accessing a device without causing the user account to become locked and thus requiring administrator intervention. 24. What are two drawbacks in assigning user privilege levels on a Cisco router? (Choose two.)
Hint/Explanation: Privilege levels may not provide desired flexibility and specificity because higher levels always inherit commands from lower levels, and commands with multiple keywords give the user access to all commands available for each keyword. Privilege levels cannot specify access control to interfaces, ports, or slots. AAA is not required to set privilege levels, but is required in order to create role-based views. The role of root user does not exist in privilege levels. 25. Refer to the exhibit. Which conclusion can be made from the show crypto map command output that is shown on R1?
Hint/Explanation: According to the show crypto map command output, all required SAs are in place, but no interface is currently using the crypto map. To complete the tunnel configuration, the crypto map has to be applied to the outbound interface of each router. 26. What are two reasons to enable OSPF routing protocol authentication on a network? (Choose two.)
Hint/Explanation: The reason to configure OSPF authentication is to mitigate against routing protocol attacks like redirection of data traffic to an insecure link, and redirection of data traffic to discard it. OSPF authentication does not provide faster network convergence, more efficient routing, or encryption of data traffic. 27. Which three functions are provided by the syslog logging service? (Choose three.)
Hint/Explanation: Syslog operations include gathering information, selecting which type of information to capture, and directing the captured information to a storage location. The logging service stores messages in a logging buffer that is time-limited, and cannot retain the information when a router is rebooted. Syslog does not authenticate or encrypt messages. 28. What two ICMPv6 message types must be permitted through IPv6 access control lists to allow resolution of Layer 3 addresses to Layer 2 MAC addresses? (Choose two.)
29. Which three services are provided through digital signatures? (Choose three.)
Hint/Explanation: Digital signatures use a mathematical technique to provide three basic security services:Integrity; Authenticity; Nonrepudiation 30. A technician is to document the current configurations of all network devices in a college, including those in off-site buildings. Which protocol would be best to use to securely access the network devices? Hint/Explanation: Telnet sends passwords and other information in clear text, while SSH encrypts its data. FTP and HTTP do not provide remote device access for configuration purposes. 31. An administrator is trying to develop a BYOD security policy for employees that are bringing a wide range of devices to connect to the company network. Which three objectives must the BYOD security policy address? (Choose three.)
32. What is the function of the pass action on a Cisco IOS Zone-Based Policy Firewall?
Hint/Explanation: The pass action performed by Cisco IOS ZPF permits forwarding of traffic in a manner similar to the permit statement in an access control list. 33. Refer to the exhibit. Based on the security levels of the interfaces on ASA1, what traffic will be allowed on the interfaces?
Hint/Explanation: ASA devices have security levels assigned to each interface that are not part of a configured ACL. These security levels allow traffic from more secure interfaces, such as security level 100, to access less secure interfaces, such as level 0. By default, they allow traffic from more secure interfaces (higher security level) to access less secure interfaces (lower security level). Traffic from the less secure interfaces is blocked from accessing more secure interfaces. 34. What network testing tool can be used to identify network layer protocols running on a host?
35. In the implementation of security on multiple devices, how do ASA ACLs differ from Cisco IOS ACLs?
Hint/Explanation: The Cisco IOS ACLs are configured with a wildcard mask and the Cisco ASA ACLs are configured with a subnet mask. Both devices use an implicit deny, top down sequential processing, and named or numbered ACLs. 36. Which statement describes an important characteristic of a site-to-site VPN?
Hint/Explanation: A site-to-site VPN is created between the network devices of two separate networks. The VPN is static and stays established. The internal hosts of the two networks have no knowledge of the VPN. 37. Which two options are security best practices that help mitigate BYOD risks? (Choose two.)
Hint/Explanation: Many companies now support employees and visitors attaching and using wireless devices that connect to and use the corporate wireless network. This practice is known as a bring-your-own-device policy or BYOD. Commonly, BYOD security practices are included in the security policy. Some best practices that mitigate BYOD risks include the following: Use unique passwords for each device and account. Turn off Wi-Fi and Bluetooth connectivity when not being used. Only connect to trusted networks. Keep the device OS and other software updated. Backup any data stored on the device. Subscribe to a device locator service with a remote wipe feature. Provide antivirus software for approved BYODs. Use Mobile Device Management (MDM) software that allows IT teams to track the device and implement security settings and software controls. 38. Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator configures AAA authentication on R1. Which statement describes the effect of the keyword single-connection in the configuration?
Hint/Explanation: The single-connection keyword enhances TCP performance with TACACS+ by maintaining a single TCP connection for the life of the session. Without the single-connection keyword, a TCP connection is opened and closed per session. 39. A recently created ACL is not working as expected. The admin determined that the ACL had been applied inbound on the interface and that was the incorrect direction. How should the admin fix this issue?
40. What characteristic of the Snort term-based subscriptions is true for both the community and the subscriber rule sets?
Hint/Explanation: There are two types of term-based subscriptions: – Community Rule Set – Available for free, this subscription offers limited coverage against threats. The community rule set focuses on reactive response to security threats versus proactive research work. There is also a 30-day delayed access to updated signatures meaning that newest rule will be a minimum of 30 days old. In addition, there is no Cisco customer support available. 41. A security analyst is configuring Snort IPS. The analyst has just downloaded and installed the Snort OVA file. What is the next step?
Hint/Explanation: To deploy Snort IPS on supported devices, perform the following steps: – Step 1. Download the Snort OVA file. – Step 2. Install the OVA file. – Step 3. Configure Virtual Port Group interfaces. – Step 4. Activate the virtual services. – Step 5. Configure Snort specifics. – Step 6. Enable IPS globally or on desired interfaces. – Step 7. Verify Snort IPS. 42. The security policy in a company specifies that employee workstations can initiate HTTP and HTTPS connections to outside websites and the return traffic is allowed. However, connections initiated from outside hosts are not allowed. Which parameter can be used in extended ACLs to meet this requirement?
43. A researcher is comparing the differences between a stateless firewall and a proxy firewall. Which two additional layers of the OSI model are inspected by a proxy firewall? (Choose two.)
Hint/Explanation: Packet filtering firewalls are usually part of a router firewall, which permits or denies traffic based on Layer 3 and Layer 4 information. They are stateless firewalls that use a simple policy table look-up that filters traffic based on specific criteria. 44. Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator is configuring a VPN between routers R1 and R2. Which commands would correctly configure a pre-shared key for the two routers? R1(config)# username R2 password 5tayout! R1(config)# crypto isakmp key 5tayout! address 64.100.0.2 R1(config)# crypto isakmp key 5tayout! hostname R1 R1(config-if)# ppp pap sent-username R1 password 5tayout! 45. Refer to the exhibit. Which statement is true about the effect of this Cisco IOS zone-based policy firewall configuration?
46. Which privilege level has the most access to the Cisco IOS?
47. Match the type of ASA ACLs to the description. (Not all options are used.) 48. Which statement describes a difference between the Cisco ASA IOS CLI feature and the router IOS CLI feature?
Hint/Explanation: The ASA CLI is a proprietary OS which has a similar look and feel to the Cisco router IOS. Although it shares some common features with the router IOS, it has its unique features. For example, an ASA CLI command can be executed regardless of the current configuration mode prompt. The IOS do command is not required or recognized. Both the ASA CLI and the router CLI use the # symbol to indicate the EXEC mode. Both CLIs use the Tab key to complete a partially typed command. Different from the router IOS, the ASA provides a help command that provides a brief command description and syntax for certain commands. 49. Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator is configuring AAA implementation on an ASA device. What does the option link3 indicate?
50. What provides both secure segmentation and threat defense in a Secure Data Center solution?
51. What are the three core components of the Cisco Secure Data Center solution? (Choose three.)
Hint/Explanation: Secure segmentation is used when managing and organizing data in a data center. Threat defense includes a firewall and intrusion prevention system (IPS). Data center visibility is designed to simplify operations and compliance reporting by providing consistent security policy enforcement. 52. What are three characteristics of ASA transparent mode? (Choose three.)
53. What is needed to allow specific traffic that is sourced on the outside network of an ASA firewall to reach an internal network?
Hint/Explanation: In order to explicitly permit traffic from an interface with a lower security level to an interface with a higher security level, an ACL must be configured. By default, traffic will only flow from a higher security level to a lower. 54. What will be the result of failed login attempts if the following command is entered into a router?
Hint/Explanation: The components of the login block-for 150 attempts 4 within 90 command are as follows: The expression block-for 150 is the time in seconds that logins will be blocked. The expression attempts 4 is the number of failed attempts that will trigger the blocking of login requests. The expression within 90 is the time in seconds in which the 4 failed attempts must occur. 55. Which two tasks are associated with router hardening? (Choose two.)
56. Which threat protection capability is provided by Cisco ESA?
Hint/Explanation: Email is a top attack vector for security breaches. Cisco ESA includes many threat protection capabilities for email such as spam protection, forged email detection, and Cisco advanced phishing protection. 57. What are two security measures used to protect endpoints in the borderless network? (Choose two.)
Hint/Explanation:
58. Which three types of traffic are allowed when the authentication port-control auto command has been issued and the client has not yet been authenticated? (Choose three.)
Hint/Explanation: Until the workstation is authenticated, 802.1X access control enables only Extensible Authentication Protocol over LAN (EAPOL), Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP), and Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) traffic through the port to which the workstation is connected. After authentication succeeds, normal traffic can pass through the port. 59. Which statement describes a characteristic of the IKE protocol?
60. Which action do IPsec peers take during the IKE Phase 2 exchange?
Hint/Explanation: The IKE protocol executes in two phases. During Phase 1 the two sides negotiate IKE policy sets, authenticate each other, and set up a secure channel. During the second phase IKE negotiates security associations between the peers. 61. What are two hashing algorithms used with IPsec AH to guarantee authenticity? (Choose two.) Hint/Explanation: The IPsec framework uses various protocols and algorithms to provide data confidentiality, data integrity, authentication, and secure key exchange. Two popular algorithms used to ensure that data is not intercepted and modified (data integrity and authenticity) are MD5 and SHA. 62. Which command raises the privilege level of the ping command to 7?
63. What is a characteristic of a role-based CLI view of router configuration?
Hint/Explanation: A CLI view has no command hierarchy, and therefore, no higher or lower views. Deleting a superview does not delete the associated CLI views. Only a root view user can configure a new view and add or remove commands from the existing views. 64. What is a limitation to using OOB management on a large enterprise network?
Hint/Explanation: OOB management provides a dedicated management network without production traffic. Devices within that network, such as terminal servers, have direct console access for management purposes. Because in-band management runs over the production network, secure tunnels or VPNs may be needed. Failures on the production network may not be communicated to the OOB network administrator because the OOB management network may not be affected 65. What technology has a function of using trusted third-party protocols to issue credentials that are accepted as an authoritative identity?
Hint/Explanation: Digital certificates are used to prove the authenticity and integrity of PKI certificates, but a PKI Certificate Authority is a trusted third-party entity that issues PKI certificates. PKI certificates are public information and are used to provide authenticity, confidentiality, integrity, and nonrepudiation services that can scale to large requirements. 66. What is the best way to prevent a VLAN hopping attack?
67. What would be the primary reason an attacker would launch a MAC address overflow attack?
68. What is the main difference between the implementation of IDS and IPS devices?
Hint/Explanation: An IPS is deployed in inline mode and will not allow malicious traffic to enter the internal network without first analyzing it. An advantage of this is that it can stop an attack immediately. An IDS is deployed in promiscuous mode. It copies the traffic patterns and analyzes them offline, thus it cannot stop the attack immediately and it relies on another device to take further actions once it detects an attack. Being deployed in inline mode, an IPS can negatively impact the traffic flow. Both IDS and IPS can use signature-based technology to detect malicious packets. An IPS cannot replace other security devices, such as firewalls, because they perform different tasks. 69. Which attack is defined as an attempt to exploit software vulnerabilities that are unknown or undisclosed by the vendor?
70. Match the network monitoring technology with the description. 71. What are the three signature levels provided by Snort IPS on the 4000 Series ISR? (Choose three.)
72. What are three attributes of IPS signatures? (Choose three.)
Hint/Explanation: IPS signatures have three distinctive attributes:
73. Match each IPS signature trigger category with the description. 74. Which two features are included by both TACACS+ and RADIUS protocols? (Choose two.)
Hint/Explanation: Both TACACS+ and RADIUS support password encryption (TACACS+ encrypts all communication) and use Layer 4 protocol (TACACS+ uses TCP and RADIUS uses UDP). TACACS+ supports separation of authentication and authorization processes, while RADIUS combines authentication and authorization as one process. RADIUS supports remote access technology, such as 802.1x and SIP; TACACS+ does not. 75. What function is provided by the RADIUS protocol?
Hint/Explanation: When an AAA user is authenticated, RADIUS uses UDP port 1645 or 1812 for authentication and UDP port 1646 or 1813 for accounting. TACACS provides separate authorization and accounting services. When a RADIUS client is authenticated, it is also authorized. TACACS provides secure connectivity using TCP port 49. RADIUS hides passwords during transmission and does not encrypt the complete packet. 76. What are three characteristics of the RADIUS protocol? (Choose three.)
Hint/Explanation: RADIUS is an open-standard AAA protocol using UDP port 1645 or 1812 for authentication and UDP port 1646 or 1813 for accounting. It combines authentication and authorization into one process; thus, a password is encrypted for transmission while the rest of the packet will be sent in plain text. RADIUS offers the expedited service and more comprehensive accounting desired by remote-access providers but provides lower security and less potential for customization than TACACS+. 77. Which zone-based policy firewall zone is system-defined and applies to traffic destined for the router or originating from the router?
78. What are two benefits of using a ZPF rather than a Classic Firewall? (Choose two.)
Hint/Explanation: There are several benefits of a ZPF: – It is not dependent on ACLs. – The router security posture is to block unless explicitly allowed. – Policies are easy to read and troubleshoot with C3PL. – One policy affects any given traffic, instead of needing multiple ACLs and inspection actions. In addition, an interface cannot be simultaneously configured as a security zone member and for IP inspection. 79. Place the steps for configuring zone-based policy (ZPF) firewalls in order from first to last. (Not all options are used.) 80. Refer to the exhibit. Which two conclusions can be drawn from the syslog message that was generated by the router? (Choose two.)
Hint/Explanation: The message is a level 5 notification message as shown in the %LINEPROTO-5 section of the output. Messages reporting the link status are common and do not require replacing the interface or reconfiguring the interface. The date and time displayed at the beginning of the message indicates that service timestamps have been configured on the router. 81. Which two types of hackers are typically classified as grey hat hackers? (Choose two.)
Hint/Explanation: Grey hat hackers may do unethical or illegal things, but not for personal gain or to cause damage. Hacktivists use their hacking as a form of political or social protest, and vulnerability brokers hack to uncover weaknesses and report them to vendors. Depending on the perspective one possesses, state-sponsored hackers are either white hat or black hat operators. Script kiddies create hacking scripts to cause damage or disruption. Cyber criminals use hacking to obtain financial gain by illegal means. 82. How does a firewall handle traffic when it is originating from the private network and traveling to the DMZ network?
Hint/Explanation: With a three interface firewall design that has internal, external, and DMZ connections, typical configurations include the following: – Traffic originating from DMZ destined for the internal network is normally blocked. – Traffic originating from the DMZ destined for external networks is typically permitted based on what services are being used in the DMZ. – Traffic originating from the internal network destined from the DMZ is normally inspected and allowed to return. – Traffic originating from external networks (the public network) is typically allowed in the DMZ only for specific services. 83. Which two protocols generate connection information within a state table and are supported for stateful filtering? (Choose two.) 84. Which type of firewall is supported by most routers and is the easiest to implement?
Hint/Explanation: Packet Filtering (Stateless) Firewall uses a simple policy table look-up that filters traffic based on specific criteria and is considered the easiest firewall to implement. 85. What network testing tool would an administrator use to assess and validate system configurations against security policies and compliance standards? Hint/Explanation: Tripwire – This tool assesses and validates IT configurations against internal policies, compliance standards, and security best practices. 86. How do modern cryptographers defend against brute-force attacks? Hint/Explanation: In a brute-force attack, an attacker tries every possible key with the decryption algorithm knowing that eventually one of them will work. To defend against the brute-force attacks, modern cryptographers have as an objective to have a keyspace (a set of all possible keys) large enough so that it takes too much money and too much time to accomplish a brute-force attack. A security policy requiring passwords to be changed in a predefined interval further defend against the brute-force attacks. The idea is that passwords will have been changed before an attacker exhausts the keyspace. 87. How does a Caesar cipher work on a message? 52. What is the main factor that ensures the security of encryption of modern algorithms? Hint/Explanation: With most modern algorithms, successful decryption requires knowledge of the appropriate cryptographic keys. This means that the security of encryption lies in the secrecy of the keys, not the algorithm. 88. What is the next step in the establishment of an IPsec VPN after IKE Phase 1 is complete? Hint/Explanation: Establishing an IPsec tunnel involves five steps: detection of interesting traffic defined by an ACL IKE Phase 1 in which peers negotiate ISAKMP SA policy IKE Phase 2 in which peers negotiate IPsec SA policy Creation of the IPsec tunnel Termination of the IPsec tunnel 89. Refer to the exhibit. What algorithm will be used for providing confidentiality? Hint/Explanation: The IPsec framework uses various protocols and algorithms to provide data confidentiality, data integrity, authentication, and secure key exchange. Two popular algorithms that are used to ensure that data is not intercepted and modified (data integrity) are MD5 and SHA. AES is an encryption protocol and provides data confidentiality. DH (Diffie-Hellman) is an algorithm that is used for key exchange. RSA is an algorithm used for authentication. 90. After issuing a show run command, an analyst notices the following command: crypto ipsec transform-set MYSET esp-aes 256 esp-md5-hmacWhat is the purpose of this command? 91. Which algorithm can ensure data integrity? Hint/Explanation: Data integrity guarantees that the message was not altered in transit. Integrity is ensured by implementing either of the Secure Hash Algorithms (SHA-2 or SHA-3). The MD5 message digest algorithm is still widely in use. 92. A company implements a security policy that ensures that a file sent from the headquarters office to the branch office can only be opened with a predetermined code. This code is changed every day. Which two algorithms can be used to achieve this task? (Choose two.) Hint/Explanation: The task to ensure that only authorized personnel can open a file is data confidentiality, which can be implemented with encryption. AES and 3DES are two encryption algorithms. HMAC can be used for ensuring origin authentication. MD5 and SHA-1 can be used to ensure data integrity. 93. A network technician has been asked to design a virtual private network between two branch routers. Which type of cryptographic key should be used in this scenario? Hint/Explanation: A symmetric key requires that both routers have access to the secret key that is used to encrypt and decrypt exchanged data. 94. Which two options can limit the information discovered from port scanning? (Choose two.) Hint/Explanation: Using an intrusion prevention system (IPS) and firewall can limit the information that can be discovered with a port scanner. Authentication, encryption, and passwords provide no protection from loss of information from port scanning. 95. An administrator discovers that a user is accessing a newly established website that may be detrimental to company security. What action should the administrator take first in terms of the security policy? 96. If AAA is already enabled, which three CLI steps are required to configure a router with a specific view? (Choose three.) Hint/Explanation: There are five steps involved to create a view on a Cisco router. 1) AAA must be enabled. 2) the view must be created. 3) a secret password must be assigned to the view. 4) commands must be assigned to the view. 5) view configuration mode must be exited. 97. Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator configures a named ACL on the router. Why is there no output displayed when the show command is issued? 98. ACLs are used primarily to filter traffic. What are two additional uses of ACLs? (Choose two.): Hint/Explanation: ACLs are used to filter traffic to determine which packets will be permitted or denied through the router and which packets will be subject to policy-based routing. ACLs can also be used to identify traffic that requires NAT and QoS services. Prefix lists are used to control which routes will be redistributed or advertised to other routers. 99. What two features are added in SNMPv3 to address the weaknesses of previous versions of SNMP? (Choose two.) 100. What network testing tool is used for password auditing and recovery? 101. Which type of firewall makes use of a server to connect to destination devices on behalf of clients? Hint/Explanation: An application gateway firewall, also called a proxy firewall, filters information at Layers 3, 4, 5, and 7 of the OSI model. It uses a proxy server to connect to remote servers on behalf of clients. Remote servers will see only a connection from the proxy server, not from the individual clients. 102. Refer to the exhibit. What will be displayed in the output of the show running-config object command after the exhibited configuration commands are entered on an ASA 5506-X? Hint/Explanation: The show running-config object command is used to display or verify the IP address/mask pair within the object. There can only be one statement in the network object. Entering a second IP address/mask pair will replace the existing configuration. 103. Refer to the exhibit. According to the command output, which three statements are true about the DHCP options entered on the ASA? (Choose three.) 104. Which two statements describe the characteristics of symmetric algorithms? (Choose two.) Hint/Explanation: Symmetric encryption algorithms use the same key (also called shared secret) to encrypt and decrypt the data. In contrast, asymmetric encryption algorithms use a pair of keys, one for encryption and another for decryption. 105. A web server administrator is configuring access settings to require users to authenticate first before accessing certain web pages. Which requirement of information security is addressed through the configuration? Hint/Explanation: Confidentiality ensures that data is accessed only by authorized individuals. Authentication will help verify the identity of the individuals. 106. The use of 3DES within the IPsec framework is an example of which of the five IPsec building blocks? Hint/Explanation: The IPsec framework consists of five building blocks. Each building block performs a specific securty function via specific protocols. The function of providing confidentiality is provided by protocols such as DES, 3DES, and AES. 107. What function is provided by Snort as part of the Security Onion? Hint/Explanation: Snort is an open source network intrusion prevention system (NIPS) and network intrusion detection system (NIDS) developed by Sourcefire. It has the ability to perform real time traffic analysis and packet logging on Internet Protocol (IP) networks and can also be used to detect probes or attacks. 108. What are two drawbacks to using HIPS? (Choose two.) 109. In an AAA-enabled network, a user issues the configure terminal command from the privileged executive mode of operation. What AAA function is at work if this command is rejected? Hint/Explanation: Authentication must ensure that devices or end users are legitimate. Authorization is concerned with allowing and disallowing authenticated users access to certain areas and programs on the network. The configure terminal command is rejected because the user is not authorized to execute the command. 110. A company has a file server that shares a folder named Public. The network security policy specifies that the Public folder is assigned Read-Only rights to anyone who can log into the server while the Edit rights are assigned only to the network admin group. Which component is addressed in the AAA network service framework? Hint/Explanation: After a user is successfully authenticated (logged into the server), the authorization is the process of determining what network resources the user can access and what operations (such as read or edit) the user can perform. 111. What is a characteristic of a DMZ zone? Hint/Explanation: The characteristics of a DMZ zone are as follows: Traffic originating from the inside network going to the DMZ network is permitted. Traffic originating from the outside network going to the DMZ network is selectively permitted. Traffic originating from the DMZ network going to the inside network is denied. 112. Which measure can a security analyst take to perform effective security monitoring against network traffic encrypted by SSL technology? 113. What type of network security test can detect and report changes made to network systems? Hint/Explanation: Integrity checking is used to detect and report changes made to systems. Vulnerability scanning is used to find weaknesses and misconfigurations on network systems. Network scanning is used to discover available resources on the network. 114. What network security testing tool has the ability to provide details on the source of suspicious network activity? 115. Refer to the exhibit. Port security has been configured on the Fa 0/12 interface of switch S1. What action will occur when PC1 is attached to switch S1 with the applied configuration? Hint/Explanation: Manual configuration of the single allowed MAC address has been entered for port fa0/12. PC1 has a different MAC address and when attached will cause the port to shut down (the default action), a log message to be automatically created, and the violation counter to increment. The default action of shutdown is recommended because the restrict option might fail if an attack is underway. 116. What security countermeasure is effective for preventing CAM table overflow attacks? Hint/Explanation: Port security is the most effective method for preventing CAM table overflow attacks. Port security gives an administrator the ability to manually specify what MAC addresses should be seen on given switch ports. It provides a method for limiting the number of MAC addresses that can be dynamically learned over a switch port. 117. What are two examples of DoS attacks? (Choose two.) Hint/Explanation: The buffer overflow and ping of death DoS attacks exploit system memory-related flaws on a server by sending an unexpected amount of data or malformed data to the server. 118. Which method is used to identify interesting traffic needed to create an IKE phase 1 tunnel? Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator has configured NAT on an ASA device. What type of NAT is used? Hint/Explanation: NAT can be deployed on an ASA using one of these methods: inside NAT – when a host from a higher-security interface has traffic destined for a lower-security interface and the ASA translates the internal host address to a global address outside NAT – when traffic from a lower-security interface destined for a host on the higher-security interface is translated bidirectional NAT – when both inside NAT and outside NAT are used together Because the nat command is applied so that the inside interface is mapped to the outside interface, the NAT type is inside. Also, the dynamic keyword in the nat command indicates that it is a dynamic mapping. Match the security technology with the description. Match the security term to the appropriate description. (Not all options are used.) Match the IPS alarm type to the description. A network analyst is configuring a site-to-site IPsec VPN. The analyst has configured both the ISAKMP and IPsec policies. What is the next step? |