Is the process whereby the physical design specifications created by the analysis team are turned into working computer code by the programming team?

subordinate modules. Stubs are two or three lines of code written by a programmer to

stand in for the missing module.

Acceptance Testing By Users

This is the process whereby actual users test a completed information system in the environment

where it will eventually be used, the end results of which is the user’s acceptance testing is for

users to determine whether the system meets their requirements. The most complete acceptance

testing will include:-

i) Alpha Testing:- Where simulated but typical data are used for system testing

ii) Beta Testing:- In which live data are used in the user’s real working environment.

The types of tests performed during alpha testing include the following:-

• Security testing:- Verifies that protection machines built into the system will

protect it from improper penetration

• Stress Testing:- Tries to break the system eg. what happens when a record is

written to the database with incomplete information.

• Performs testing:- Determines how the system performs on the range of possible

environments in which it may be used. E.g. different h/ware configurations,

networks, operating systems, etc.

In beta testing, a subset of the intended users run the system in their own environment using their

own data. The intent of the beta test if to determine whether the s/ware, documentation, technical

support, and training activities work as intended. In essence, beta testing can be viewed as a

rehearsal of the installation phase.

Installation

This is the process of changing over from the current information system to new one.

Approaches to Installation/Change over Procedures

1) Direct Installation

This is changing over from the old information system to a new one by forming off the old

system when the new one is formed on. This method is handy when.

• The new system bears no resemblance to the old i.e the direct change over is inevitable.

• There s complete confidence in the new system’s reliability and accuracy.

Under direct installation, users are at the mercy of the new system. If the new system tools,

considerable delay may occur until the old system can be reinstated and transactions re-entered

to make the database up-to-date.

Disadvantages:-

• Can be very risky.

• Requires a complete installation of the whole system for a large system, this may mean a

long time until the new system can be installed , thus delaying system benefits

Advantages

• Least expensive and it creates considerable interest in making the installation a success.