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SIGI3 is a comprehensive, interactive, computer-assisted career guidance program designed to assist you in making career choices. SIGI3 combines personal and occupational characteristics to identify career options. The program introduces you to a systematic decision-making process, and provides strategies on obtaining a job of your choice. SIGI3 is available on-line HERE . You will need the Career Center access code to register. Ask a Career Advisor or contact 850.644.6431 for help acquiring the access code. The features of SIGI³ are located in 4 major sections of the home page: Do Your Own Thing
GuidesUse the GUIDES section to work on activities related to specific career-related questions, such as “what can I do with my major” or “What are my occupational options?” Suggested Tools and WebsitesView additional Career Center and Florida State University resources and tools to help you with career planning. Fast StartVisit 7 sections of the SIGI3 system in 5 minutes! *All interactions with SIGI3 are confidential. SIGI3 can store your responses for later use, but it is strongly advised that you print a copy of each screen frame that contains information, which may be of future use to you. You are encouraged to discuss your printouts with a career advisor to see how the information can be applied to your career problem solving and decision making.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS I have written 550 multiple choice questions for you to draw from in preparing examinations. Next to the correct answer, I have indicated the page number of the text where information can be found that supports the correct answer. When there is no specific page reference, I have indicated the correct answer by using a *. In general, questions are listed in the order that they appear in the text. In some cases the order of the questions is a clue to the correct answer, so it will be important to vary the order in the exam. Many of the questions between 507 and 550 are ones which compare theories. If my questions do not suit your purposes, they may give you ideas for better questions. There are five test items marked per chapter with a >WWW=. These items are posted on the web for the student=s use at http://wadsworth.com/counseling d/ An appropriate general instruction to students for answering questions is APlease choose the answer that best answers the [email protected] 97 MULTIPLE CHOICE EXAM QUESTIONS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1. Most career development authors believe that personal and career counseling a. can be done by the same person if the counselor recognizes that the two types of counseling are significantly different. b. have little in common, as personal issues do not affect career issues. c. overlap considerably as both career and personal issues affect each other. (2) d. should be done by different individuals with different qualifications. 2. a. b. c. d. Career counseling does NOT address strong emotional issues. deal with issues of personal identity. deal with sexual orientation. ignore personal issues. (2) WWW 3. If an employer advertises in the newspaper for a cashier to work in her pharmacy, she is concerned with which of these concepts a. career. b. career choice. c. employee satisfaction. d. occupation. (3) 4. Alvin is concerned that he is no longer as interested in being an electrical engineer as he once was. Alvin is raising questions about his a. career. (3) b. validity. c. theory. d. norms. 5. a. b. c. d. When newspapers list a series of want ads for accountants, the heading "accountant" refers to career. employee satisfaction. occupation. (3) salary. 98 6. a. b. c. d. In general, career development theories should be clear about counseling techniques to use. be clear about counseling goals. be precise about predictions. (4) be precise about which assessment instruments to use. 7. a. b. c. d. Which of the following is NOT important in evaluating a theory? being consistent being explicit about rules making precise predictions stimulating productive application of theory (4,5) WWW 8. a. b. c. d. Which of the following is NOT important in evaluating a theory? being consistent being explicit about rules chunking (4,5) making precise predictions. 9. a. b. c. d. Which of the following theories would be best to use? A broad and comprehensive theory that is not clear enough to be tested. A theory with precise but limited predictions. (4) A theory with unclear rules but interesting and creative ideas. A theory with undefined terms but much popular following. 10. Which of the following is LEAST important in selecting a career development theory to apply to counseling? a. client population that the counselor serves b. ease of use in applying the theory in the counseling setting c. the counselor's theory of counseling d. the inventories and tests that the counselor studied in preparation for career counseling (*) 11. The Person-Environment Fit model is an example of a. a career development theory. (5) WWW b. a reliable test. c. well normed data. d. well developed counseling skills. 12. Career counseling skills are a. similar to general counseling skills. (8) b. the concepts described by career development tests and inventories. c. the concepts that are described by career development theory. d. the same as normal conversational skills. 13. Career counseling skills are a. not used in personal counseling. b. the same as career development theory. c. similar to general counseling skills. (8) WWW d. skills used in normal conversation. 14. A test that is both dependable and consistent is a. appropriately normed. 99 b. reliable. (13) c. valid. d. valuable. 15. A reliable test a. is a valid test. b. is a widely used test. c. is one which is consistent with career development theory. d. yields similar results when given on more than one occasion. (15) 16. An interest inventory that accurately measures a wide variety of individual interests and predicts later occupational entry is said to a. be more useful than a test of abilities. b. be reliable . c. be valid. (13,14) d. verify a career development theory. 17. In which of these ways can assessment instruments play a major role in career development theory? a. ensure the reliability of a test b. ensure that appropriate norms are used c. to develop a counselor's counseling skills d. to develop and verify constructs (14) 18. Career development theory provides a means of understanding a. counseling techniques. b. client's career concerns. (15,16) c. personality theory. d. test and inventory manuals. 19. A client who says "To reduce my anxiety on the job I would like to learn how to deal with my boss's temper" is stating an a. explicit goal. (16) b. implicit goal. c. inappropriate goal. d. unreachable goal. 20. A client who says, AI dislike my current job, I want to change my [email protected] stating an a. explicit goal. (16) WWW b. implicit goal. c. inappropriate goal. d. unreachable goal. 21. a. b. c. d. [email protected] refers to taking pieces from a theory. how long it takes to learn theoretical concepts how many ideas can be processed at once. (7) how large a career development theory is. d. philosophers 341. For constructivist career counselors, career counseling should focus on a. early childhood development. b. career as a way of providing meaning in life (316) c. interests, abilities, values, and personality. d. occupational information. 342. Social construction refers to a. a school of philosophy. b. the view that all answers are correct. c. how interactions with others affects peoples’ view of their world. (316) d. circumscription and compromise. 343. In constructivist counseling a. counselors examine how their clients derive meaning form interaction with others. (316) b. the choice of an occupation is carefully constructed one step at a time. c. there is an emphasis on rational decision making. d. universal constructs apply to culturally diverse populations. 344. In using a vocational card sort, a counselor using personal narrative career counseling would be likely to a. compute percent of [email protected], [email protected], and [email protected] cards. b. give clients occupational information on [email protected] cards. c. inquire about reasons clients have for accepting cards. (320) d. total results from an interest inventory and combine them with results from a card sort. 345. Viewing a client=s career as a story is associated with a. attachment theory. b. Hollands typological theory. c. narrative career counseling. (317) d. personal construct career counseling. 346. Narrative career counselors are likely to view the client=s career as a a. comic book b. magazine. c. novel. (317) d. poem. 347. In narrative career counseling, the client is seen as a (an) a. agent. (317) b. counselor. c. patient. d. poet. 348. In narrative career counseling, an instrument is likely to refer to a (an) a. clarinet. b. computer. c. employer. (317) WWW 146d. pen. 349. In narrative career counseling, which of the following would not be considered an instrument? a. family b. friends c. one=s abilities d. the counselor=s office (317) 350. Terms such as protagonist and action are associated with a. attachment theory. b. Holland’s typological theory. c. narrative career counseling. (317) d. personal construct career counseling 351. In narrative career counseling, [email protected] is seen as a. an opportunity to find meaning in one=s career path. (317) b. a hindrance to making good career decisions. c. a means of combining observational and instrumental learning. d. an opportunity to develop one=s sense of career self-efficacy. 352. In narrative counseling, a counselor serves a role somewhat like that of a (an) a. coach. b. editor.* c. mentor. d. physician. 353. In narrative career counseling, the client serves as the a. antagonist. b. instrument. c. novel. d. protagonist. (317) 354. In narrative counseling, when the client tells how she encounters and deals with obstacles, this is a signal that the client is describing the __________ of the story. a. beginning b. middle (318) c. end d. convergences 355. Which of the following is NOT a focus of Cochran=s narrative career counseling? a. crystallizing b. constructing a reality c. following career decision making procedures (319) d. making meaning out of a story of the client=s career 356. The first step in Cochran=s narrative career counseling is a. changing a life structure. b. crystallizing a decision. c. elaborating a career problem. (320) d. enacting a role. 147 357. The final step in Cochran=s narrative career counseling is a. composing a life history. b. constructing a reality. c. crystallizing a career decision. (326) WWW d. elaborating a career problem. 358. Using drawing and anecdotes are techniques associated with a. narrative career counseling. (321) b. Savickas’s social constructionist career counseling. c. social cognitive career counseling. d. trait and factor counseling 359. In narrative career counseling, clients who complete career projects are likely to have as a final product a. a positive sense of meaning of tasks and events in their lives. (325) WWW b. a list of potential employers c. a series of completed career exploration exercises. d. a series of occupational summaries. 360. In narrative career counseling, clients are encouraged to a. classify occupational information. b. discuss occupational information with parents. c. experience occupational information by interviewing workers, visiting work sites, and volunteering. (326) d. read information about occupations that corresponds with their interests and later read information about occupations that correspond with their abilities. 361. A problem with cultural narratives in narrative career counseling is that they a. are not current and may not apply well to individuals. (343) b. are biased in favor of Caucasian males. c. overemphasize the role of action in society. d. are too repetitive and of little use in individual counseling. 362. Which of these theories is used in Savickas’s career construction theory? a. Holland’s (327) b. Myers-Briggs c. Krumboltz’s social learning theory d. Roe’s theory 363. In Savickas’s career construction theory the client’s personality could be described as? a. artistic, social, and enterprising (328) b. enmeshed c. extraverted d. decelerating 364. Which of the following is NOT a developmental task of career adaptability in Savickas’s career construction theory? a. realism (329) b. exploration c. establishment d. management 148 365. Which of the following is a dimension of career adaptability in Savickas’s career construction theory? a. consistency b. congruence c. control (330) d. crisis management 366. Which of these career theories views the client as giving meaning to career-related behavior? a. Savickas’s career construction theory (264) b. Holland c. Super d. work adjustment theory 367. Which of these is NOT a goal of Savickas’s career construction theory? a. understand constructs for relating to their world b. learn about new perceptions of their world c. see values that make up their constructs d. use typologies to determine their value and ability constructs * 368. Which of these is NOT a dimension of career adaptability? a. concern b. control c. congruence (330) d. confidence 369. Lifestyle in Savickas’s career construction theory is a theme that individuals developed when a. four to six years old. (332) b. in high school. c. after working full time for at least three years. d. they entered the counselor’s office. 370. In Savickas’s career construction theory, a primary source for determining a life theme is? a. client goals. b. early recollections. (332) WWW c. a parental interview. d. ratings on dimensions of career adaptability. 371. In Savickas’s career construction theory attention is paid in determining lifestyle to? a. scores on the Myers-Briggs inventory b. the five major life tasks (333) c. instrumental and observational learning d. ability and value patterns 372. Savickas’s career construction theory uses the Career Style Interview which can be described best as a(an) a. multiple choice test. b. essay examination. c. structured interview. (334) d. unstructured interview. 373. Which of the following is NOT used in the Career Style Interview in Savickas’s career construction 149 theory: a. early recollections b. favorite sayings c. questions about hobbies d. planned happenstance instructions (335). 374. In Savickas’s career construction theory, when conducting a Career Style Interview attention is paid to verbs because they denote: a. intelligence b. interests c. movement or direction (337) d. values 375. A goal of Savickas’s career construction theory is for the counselor to produce verbal and written _____________________________ which are presented to clients that form the basis for further career exploration. a. early recollections b. role model summaries c. life portraits (339) d. preoccupation to occupation summaries CHAPTER 12 PARENTAL INFLUENCE THEORIES 376. Anne Roe=s career development theory was based on the work of a. Carl Rogers. b. Donald Super. c. John Holland. d. Sigmund Freud. (348) 377. Psychoanalysis is the basis for which of these career development theories? a. Anne Roe=s personality development theory (348) b. John Holland=s personality theory c. parent-child interaction theory d. work adjustment theory 378. Which of the following theories is most closely related to psychoanalysis? a. attachment theory (348) b. Myers-Briggs Type theory c. parent-child interaction theory d. work adjustment theory 378. Which of these concepts is associated with Anne Roe=s theory of career development? a. congruence b. extraversion c. parental attitudes (349) 150 d. stabilizing 379. Parenting style is most important in this theory of career development. a. family systems therapy b. Holland=s theory c. Phillips=s developmental relationship model d. Roe=s personality development model (349) WWW 380. Parenting style is most important to this theory of career development. a. Holland=s theory b. Myers-Briggs Type theory c. Roe=s personality development theory (349) d. work adjustment theory 381. Relationships with family, friends, peers, teachers, and others is associated with this theory. a. family systems therapy b. Phillips=s developmental relational model (356) c. Roe=s personality theory d. Super=s developmental theory 382. Career development theorists who are influenced by attachment theory study how a. attachment issues in early childhood relate to later career development (350, 351) b. basic elements of career choice are determined by the age of seven. c. individuals become attached to a career choice at an early age and do not waiver. d. volunteer work in college is unrelated to later choice of a career. 383. The anxious ambivalent pattern of behavior in young children is associated with this theory. a. attachment theory (351) b. family systems therapy c. Phillips’s developmental relational model d. Super’s developmental theory 384. Which of the following theories has generated the most research support for its theoretical constructs? a. attachment theory (351) b. family systems therapy c. Phillips’s developmental relational model d. Super’s developmental theory 385. Contextual action theory is used to explain a. the role of parenting style on the occupational choice of children. b. how peers influence the career choice of students. c. how parents and children perceive their career decision-making. (353) d. attachment style of children and how it affects career choice. 386. Research on attachment theory is associated with the work of a. John Bowlby. (350) b. Sigmund Freud. c. Anne Roe. d. Donald Super. 151 387. The "strange situation" method is used to make observations about a. career maturity. b. decision-making. c. patterns of attachment. (350) d. work adjustment. 388. Frequent career exploration behavior is most likely to be found in one or more of these attachment patterns. a. anxious-ambivalent b. avoidant c. secure (350) d. all of the above 389. Which theory makes specific predictions about the effect of parental influences such as attitudes and attachment on occupational selection? a. attachment theory b. Erikson's theory c. Roe's theory * d. Phillips=s theory 390. Discussing attachment issues in counseling may be helpful in career exploration, as it can help an individual develop a. a sense of identity. b. a sense of security. (350) c. career maturity. d. self-efficacy. 391. Phillips and her colleagues have examined career decision-making as it relates to a. behavioral theory. b. cognitive theory. c. relationships the decision-maker has with others. (356) d. spiritual approaches to counseling. 392. Phillips and colleagues point out that career decisions are heavily influenced by a. early exploration. b. relationships with others. (356) WWW c. supervisory experience. d. the oral stage of development. 393. The Parent Involved Career Exploration Counseling Process (PICE) features counseling which focuses on a. the parent=s discussing career issues with a counselor and without the child present. b. the parents and children working together with a counselor. (353) c. the child=s attachment to the parents. d. furthering an enmeshed relationship between child and parent. 394. The Parent Involved Career Exploration Counseling Process (PICE) was developed by studying a. children=s views of their relationships with parents. b. childhood recollections of a sample of adult workers. c. examining conversations between parents and their own children. (353) d. parents= views of how they raise their children. 152 395. In career counseling, a genogram can be used to a. assess abilities. b. assess interests. c. discuss career choices of relatives. (355) d. send new career information to clients. 396. The concept of enmeshment can be used in career counseling. It's original purpose was to describe. a. career decision-making. b. family relationships. (354) WWW c. patterns of attachment. d. work adjustment. 397. The concept of disengagement is described differently by these two theories. a. family systems and Holland b. family systems and Super * c. social cognitive and Holland d. social cognitive and Super 398. Susan wants to be a machinist, but is concerned because all of her brothers and sisters have at least a bachelor's degree. Her counselor used a (an) to help her discuss her aspirations as they compare to those of her siblings. a. decision tree b. genogram (355) c. interest inventory d. sequential decision making plan 399. Parent-child career interaction theorists study a. early childhood attachment patterns. b. parents= attitudes towards their children. c. videotaped conversations between parents and their children. (353) d. family genograms at various points in time. 400. A diagram of family relationships is called a a. career-o-gram. b. genogram. (355) c. telegram. d. zen-o-gram. 401. The genogram is associated with this approach. a. attachment theory b. family therapy (354) c. parent-child interaction therapy d. Roe=s personality development 402. Studying the effect of relationships with other people on career development of individuals is the focus of a. attachment theory. b. family therapy. c. Phillips=s developmental relational model. (356) d. Roe=s personality development theory. 403. Which of the following is a major theme of Philips=s developmental relational career development 153model? a. Actions of Others (357) b. Actions of Parents c. Actions of Self d. Actions of Employers 404. Which of the following is a major theme of Phillips=s developmental relational career development model? a. Other Centeredness b. Other Directedness c. Self Centeredness d. Self Directedness (359) 405. Phillips and her colleagues have examined career decision-making as it relates to a. attachment to parents. b. conventional thinking. c. self directedness. (359) WWW d. specifying. 406. According to Phillips=s developmental career relational model, the Actions of Others range from a. confident independence to insecure use of others. b. information provided to seeking information about self. c. non-active support to criticism. (357, 358) d. unsuccessful recruitment to weighing options. 407. Blair has friends in the theater industry and has given Stevie information that would help Stevie develop her career options. According to Phillips=s developmental career relational model, this is an example of a. alternatives provided. (358) b. criticism. c. seeking information about self. d. unconditional support. 408. Basel=s guidance counselor has redirected his choice to be a fashion model. According to Phillips=s developmental career relational model, this is an example of a. forced guidance. (358) b. information provided. c. non-active support. d. systematic directedness 409 George has said: My football coach has suggested that I look for an athletic scholarship at a major university for next [email protected] According to Phillips=s developmental career relational model, this is an example of a. forced guidance. b. insecure use of others. c. push/nudge. (358) d. unconditional support. 410. Vanessa=s mother has told her that she can=t go to college next year, because her mother needs help in running her restaurant. According to Phillips=s developmental career relational model, this is an example of a. criticism. b. forced guidance. (358) c. non-active support. d. unsuccessful recruitment. 154 411. Dalia has impressed her guidance counselor with her thoughtful approach to career decision-making. According to Phillips=s developmental career relational model, this is an example of a. cautious directedness. b. false confidence. c. forced guidance. d. a systematic approach. (360) 412. Nina is disappointed with the help that she has gotten from her friends and family when trying to decide whether to go to a two or four year college. According to Phillips=s developmental career relational model, this is an example of a. confident independence (false confidence). b. non-active support. c. seeking information about self. d. unsuccessful recruitment. (359)413. Bob is tired of his parents= telling him what to do. He tells them, AWhen the time is right, I will know what to [email protected] According to Phillips=s developmental career relational model, this is an example of a. confident independence (false confidence). (359) b. insecure use of others. c. unsuccessful recruitment. d. weighing options. 414. Mary finds it helpful to discuss her career plans with her best friend. According to Phillips=s developmental career relational model, this is an example of a. being cautious. b. being systematic. c. information provided. d. using a sounding board. (360) WWW 415. In the study of the importance of relationships, the area of study that has done the most research in different countries is a. attachment theory. (350) b. parent-child interaction theory. c. Roe=s personality development theory. d. Phillips=s developmental relationship model. 416. The concept of unconditional support in career decision making is associated with this theory. a. attachment theory. b. family therapy. c. Phillips=s developmental relational model. (358) d. Roe=s personality development theory. 417. Using others as a sounding board in career decision-making is associated with this approach. a. Gottfredson=s theory. b. Holland=s theory. c. narrative career counseling d. Phillips=s developmental relationship model. (360) CHAPTER 13 155 KRUMBOLTZ=S SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY 418. Which of these is not a part of the triadic reciprocal interaction system? a. behaviors b. environment c. insight (369) d. preferences and self perceptions 419. According to Bandura, self-efficacy deals with regulating a. behaviors. (369) WWW b. career maturity. c. feelings. d. work satisfaction. 420. In his approach to social learning theory, Krumboltz states that all but one of these factors influence career decision making. a. environmental conditions b. educational conditions c. genetic endowment d. identity conditions (369) 421. Ramona has learned about being a police officer by being in the National Guard. According to Krumboltz, this is an example of a(an) a. associative learning experience. b. instrumental learning experience. (372) c. self efficacy. d. none of the above. 422. Ramone has learned about being a history teacher by tutoring small children. According to Krumboltz, this is an example of a (an) a. associative learning experience. b. instrumental learning experience. (372) c. self efficacy skill. d. none of the above. 423. Phyllis has learned about being a manufacturer's representative by hearing her mother make sales calls from home. According to Krumboltz, this is an example of a(an) a. associative learning experience. (372) WWW b. instrumental learning experience. c. random skills. d. none of the above. 424. Peter has learned about being a firefighter by watching firefighters on the evening news. According to Krumboltz, this is an example of a(an) a. associative learning experience. (372) b. instrumental learning experience. c. random skills. d. none of the above. 425. Otto, in considering the occupation of social worker, is clarifying his values. Krumboltz, this is an example of a(an) 156 According to a. b. c. d. associative learning experience. instrumental learning experience. task-approach skill. (373) none of the above. 426. Ona is considering entering occupational therapy. She has read about occupational therapy and has talked to two occupational therapists that her mother knows. According to Krumboltz, this is an example of a(an) a. associative learning experience. b. instrumental learning experience. c. task-approach skill. (373) WWW d. none of the above. 427. Counselor X comments on Roger's self-observation generalizations about Roger's religious values. Counselor X is most likely conceptualizing from the point of view of a. cognitive information processing theory. b. Krumboltz=s social learning theory. (374) c. social cognitive career theory. d. work adjustment theory. 428. Counselor X comments on Rita's self-observation generalizations about Rita's view of her previous work experiences. Counselor X is most likely conceptualizing from the point of view of a. cognitive information processing theory. b. Krumboltz=s social learning theory. (374) WWW c. social cognitive career theory. d. work adjustment theory. 429. Self-observations about interests are most likely to be a(an) a. associative learning experience. (372, 373) b. instrumental learning experience. c. task-approach skill. d. none of the above. 430. Client: Police work is always exciting. Counselor: What information do you have that tells you that? The counselor is using an approach most similar to a. a spiritual perspective. b. Holland=s theory. c. Krumboltz's social learning theory. (*) d. work adjustment theory. 431. Which of the following is NOT a behavioral technique as described by Krumboltz? a. goal clarification (378) b. role playing c. simulation d. using role models 432. When a counselor asks a client to pretend to interview for a job, and the counselor pretends to be an employer, the counselor is a. countering a troublesome belief. b. using cognitive rehearsal. c. using role playing. (377) 157 d. reinforcing the client. 433. Which of the following techniques is not a cognitive technique used in Krumboltz’s career counseling? a. countering troublesome beliefs b. cognitive rehearsal c. goal clarification d. reinforcement (375) 434. Which of the following techniques is not a cognitive technique used in career counseling? a. countering troublesome beliefs b. cognitive rehearsal c. goal clarification d. simulation (377) 435. Helping high school students experience jobs through the use of job experience kits is a form of a. challenging beliefs. b. goal clarification. c. reinforcement. d. simulation. (377) 436. Krumboltz=s recent work emphasizes the importance of individuals= a. being able to adapt to technological change. (381, 382) b. being aware of their self-efficacy. c. listening to the harmony within themselves. d. rewriting the story of their lives. 437. Adapting to planned happenstance is a feature of a. Holland=s theory. b. Krumboltz=s social learning theory. (382, 383) c. social cognitive career theory. d. work adjustment theory. 438. Which of the following is not an important skill in planned happenstance theory? a. curiosity b. flexibility c. harmony (383) d. risk taking 439. Which of the following is NOT an important skill in planned happenstance theory? a. flexibility b. persistence c. risk taking d. self-efficacy (383) WWW 440. According to Krumboltz, which of the following is not a counseling method for dealing with chance events? a. Assist clients to transform curiosity into opportunities for learning and exploration. b. Assist clients to develop harmony and unity in their lives. (383) 158 c. Teach clients to produce desirable chance events. d. Teach clients to overcome blocks to actions. 441. According to Krumboltz, which of the following is NOT a counseling method for dealing with chance events? a. Assist clients to transform curiosity into opportunities for learning and exploration. b. Assist clients to develop a sense of self-efficacy. (384-387) c. Teach clients to produce desirable chance events. d. Teach clients to overcome blocks to actions CHAPTER 14 SOCIAL COGNITIVE CAREER THEORY 442. Which of the following theories most emphasizes cognitive processes? a. Savickas’s career construction theory b. Holland's theory c. social cognitive career theory (394) d. Tiedeman's career decision-making theory 443. Which of the following theories most emphasizes behavioral processes? a. Holland's theory b. Krumboltz's social learning theory (394) c. social cognitive career theory d. Tiedeman's career decision-making theory 444. According to social cognitive career theory, Tom's concern about his difficulty in learning biology is an example of a. a goal statement. b. associative learning. c. outcome expectations. d. self-efficacy concerns. (396) 445. According to social cognitive career theory, Sylvia's concern about her difficulty in learning new electrical engineering skills is an example of a. a goal statement. b. associative learning. c. outcome expectations. d. self-efficacy concerns. (396) WWW 446. Burris is concerned about whether he will be admitted into a graduate school in clinical psychology. According to social cognitive career theory, he is concerned with a. associative learning experiences. b. goals. c. outcome expectations. (396, 397) WWW d. self-efficacy concerns. 447. Janice is concerned about what will happen if she accepts a new job with an environmental engineering firm. According to social cognitive career theory, she is concerned with a. goals. 159 b. instrumental learning experiences. c. outcome expectations. (396, 397) d. self-efficacy concerns. 448. Bonita has decided that she wants to become a chemical engineer. According to social cognitive career theory she is demonstrating her a. goals. (397) b. instrumental learning experiences. c. outcome expectations. d. self-efficacy concerns. 449. Tim has decided that he wants to go to graduate school to become a ceramic engineer. According to social cognitive career theory he is demonstrating his a. goals. (397) b. instrumental learning experiences. c. outcome expectations. d. self-efficacy concerns. 450. Which of the following is NOT a part of social cognitive career theory? a. choice goals b. energy * c. interests d. outcome expectations 451. Which of the following is NOT a part of social cognitive career theory? a. choice goals b. harmony (396-397) WWW c. interests d. outcome expectations 452. Which of the following theories is most concerned with career issues that affect women? a. social cognitive career theory (408, 409) b. Holland's theory c. Krumboltz's social learning theory d. work adjustment theory 453. Which of the following theories is most concerned with career issues that affect culturally diverse populations? a. social cognitive career theory (409, 410) b. Holland's theory c. Krumboltz's social learning theory d. work adjustment theory 454. A lack of career self-efficacy in an individual can lead to being tasks. a. called. b. discouraged (396) c. encouraged. 160 to try career d. required 455. Which of the following is a background contextual factor as described by social cognitive career theory? a. financial support for current education b. getting a poor elementary school education (398) c. few part time opportunities for jobs in your field d. a poor labor market in your area 456. Which of the following is a background contextual factor as described by social cognitive career theory? a. currently living in Florida b. not having the clients= major at her university c. parents divorcing when client was seven (398) WWW d. a boss who is a poor role model. 457. Which of the following is an example of a contextual influence proximal to choice behavior as described by social cognitive career theory? a. being raised by a grandparent b. being exposed to racism in elementary school c. not having enough money to pay for tuition this semester (398) d. being told as a child that certain occupations are not open to people of your gender 458. Which of the following is an example of a contextual influence proximal to choice behavior as described by social cognitive career theory? a. having a supportive boss in your current job (398) b. having a second grade teacher ridicule you c. being encouraged as a child by your grandmother d. growing up in a bilingual community 459. According to social cognitive career theory, which of these is a model that has been developed? A social cognitive model of a. energy b. relationships c. performance (404) d. story telling 460. According to social cognitive career theory, which of these is a model that has been developed? A social cognitive model of a. personality b. relationships c. unity d. work and life satisfaction (406) 461. According to social cognitive career theory, which of the following could be a proximal influence to choice behavior? a. barrier (398) b. goal c. outcome d. self-efficacy 462. According to social cognitive career theory, which of the following could be a proximal influence to choice behavior? 161 a. goal b. outcome c. self-efficacy d. support (398) 463. An example of a counseling approach that is especially associated with social cognitive career theory is a. asking questions. b. exploring feelings of low self-efficacy. (396, 401-402) c. interpreting inventories. d. reinforcing client progress. 464. An example of a counseling approach that is especially associated with social cognitive career theory is a. asking questions about family influences. b. a decisional balance sheet. (401-402) WWW c. interpreting values inventories. d. reinforcing client progress. 465. Providing a support rather than a barrier to clients who struggle with career choice issues is a counseling technique used by this theory. a. Holland=s theory b. Krumboltz=s social learning theory c. social cognitive career theory (398) d. work adjustment theory 466. According to social cognitive career theorists, which of these factors is most likely to have the greatest affect on career choice? a. abilities b. beliefs about self (*) c. interests d. values 467. Social cognitive career theory has addressed the concern that many women have about their ability to be successful in a. art. b. English. c. math (408, 409) d. psychology. CHAPTER 15 CAREER DECISION-MAKING THEORY 468. Professor X has developed a theory of career decision-making that he feels would help all students make better career choices. His approach would best be called a. descriptive. 162 b. existential. c. prescriptive. (416) d. sequential.469. Professor Y believes that career decision-making is a process and that there is no [email protected] way to make career decisions. Her approach would best be called a. descriptive. (416) WWW b. existential. c. prescriptive. d. sequential. 470. Life-as-career is an example of a (an) a. crisis b. prescriptive c. spiritual (417) d. trait and factor approach to career decision-making. 471. Self acceptance and reducing stress are an important aspect of this career development theory. a. Holland=s typology b. social learning theory c. a spiritual approach (418) d. work adjustment theory 472. In a spiritual approach to career counseling, the counselor focuses on a. the past. b. the present. (418) c. the future. d. all of the above. 473. In her Lifecareer Theory, Miller-Tiedeman emphasizes the importance of listening to making career decisions. a. experts in specific occupations b. expert advice from counselors d. friends and family e. one=s self (418) in 474. Miller-Tiedeman's career decision-making theory would classify the statement, "Oscar enjoys English and would make a good English teacher." as a. common reality. (419) b. existential reality. c. personal reality. d. sequential reality. 475. Miller-Tiedeman's career decision-making theory would classify the statement, "I think that I could be a really good fighter pilot." as a. common reality. b. existential reality. c. personal reality. (419) d. sequential reality. 163 476. Change, occurring by chance, is called synchronicity. Being open to change and accepting it is important to a. cognitive information processing theory. b. Myers-Briggs Type theory c. social cognitive career theory. d. a spiritual approach to career development. (419) WWW 477. According to Bloch and Richmond, changing one=s view of time by experiencing the moment can help bring about in one=s life. a. a calling b. balance (420) c. energy d. unity 478. The concept of energy is important in this theoretical approach to career development. a. cognitive information processing b. Krumboltz=s social learning c. spiritual (420) d. social cognitive 479. The concept of harmony is important in this theoretical approach to career development. a. cognitive information processing b. Krumboltz=s social learning c. spiritual (422) d. social cognitive 480. Community is an important aspect of Bloch and Richmond=s spiritual approach. Which of the following is NOT a type of community that they describe? a. communities of companionship b. communities of culture c. religious communities (421) d. the cosmic community 481. According to Bloch and Richmond, individuals who are truly absorbed by their work and find it joyful are said to have a. found their calling. (421) b. found their inner space. c. reached the establishment stage. d. reached the disengagement stage. 482. According to Bloch and Richmond, meditation can be helpful in one=s career development because it brings a. change. b. harmony. (422) c. testing out. d. a job that pays well. 164 483. Helping clients respect their lives and process their decisions is recommended by a. cognitive information processing theory. b. a spiritual approach to career development. (423) c. Myer-Briggs type theory. d. work adjustment theory. 484. Enthusiasm for change is characteristic of this approach to career counseling: a. cognitive information processing theory. b. a spiritual approach to career development. (423) c. Phillips=s developmental relational model. d. work adjustment theory. 485. Appreciating the space time-warp continuum is associated with which of these career decision-making theories? a. cognitive information processing theory. b. a spiritual approach to career development. c. Holland=s theory. d. none of these. (*) 486. An important influence on cognitive information processing theory is a. cognitive therapy. b. cognitive science. (428) c. social cognitive theory. d. none of these. 487. Cognitive schemas are a. devious ways of learning. b. cosmic virtues. c. ways of grouping learned information. (429) d. identity crises. 488. Improving problem-solving abilities is an important goal of which of these career decision-making theories? a. a spiritual approach b. cognitive information processing (429) c. Phillips=s developmental relational model. d. all of these. 489. The self-knowledge domain of cognitive information processing is most similar to a. Holland=s concept of congruence. b. Myers-Briggs Type theory=s concept of introversion. c. social cognitive career theory=s concept of self-efficacy d. trait and factor theory=s first step. (429, 430, 432) 490. The occupational knowledge domain of knowing about one=s opinions about the world of work is most similar to a. Holland=s concept of consistency. b. Myers-Briggs Type theory=s concept of extraversion. c. social cognitive career theory=s concept of outcome expectations. 165 d. trait and factor theory=s second step. (429, 430, 432) 491. Ms. Nirlno has received a formal notification from her supervisor that her work is not meeting company expectations. She is upset and concerned. Which of these cognitive information processing skills is most likely being used as she contemplates her future? a. communication (433) b. analysis c. synthesis d. valuing e. execution 492. In cognitive information processing theory, thinking about career goals is likely to require this information processing skill. a. communication (433) WWW b. analysis c. synthesis d. valuing e. execution 493. Examining steps one and two of trait and factor theory would require this phase of cognitive information processing skills. a. communication b. analysis (435) c. synthesis d. valuing e. execution 494. Reexamining interests and abilities would require this phase of cognitive information processing skills. a. communication b. analysis (435) c. synthesis d. valuing e. execution 495. Creating many possible career alternative is this aspect of cognitive information processing skills. a. communication b. analysis c. synthesis (436) d. valuing e. execution 496. Dr. Almo is questioning whether he wants to continue being a dermatologist. He has made a list of 20 occupations to consider in more depth. He is using this aspect of cognitive information processing skills. a. communication b. analysis c. synthesis (436) d. valuing e. execution 166 497. When Armand asks what is the best career choice for him, he is asking a question that reflects which phase of cognitive information processing theory? a. communication b. analysis c. synthesis d. valuing (436) e. execution 498. When Bart is considering job opportunities and job duties, he is most likely in this phase of cognitive information processing theory? a. communication b. analysis c. synthesis d. valuing (436) WWW e. execution 499. When Carol plans how she will be become a physician, she is using this phase of cognitive information processing theory: a. communication b. analysis c. synthesis d. valuing e. execution (437) 500. Bernadette is upset about being passed over for a job promotion. She is planning an effective strategy so that she will be more likely to be promoted in the future. She is using this phase of cognitive information processing theory. a. communication b. analysis c. synthesis d. valuing e. execution (437) 501. Brenda is aware that her parents= wishes that she be an elementary school teacher are having an influence on her feelings about not being an elementary teacher. Brenda is using which of these cognitive information processing executive domains? a. cognitive schemas b. monitoring c. self-awareness (438) WWW d. self-talk 502. By controlling their career decision-making process, individuals are using which executive domain in cognitive information processing theory? a. cognitive schemas b. monitoring (439) c. self-awareness d. self-talk 503. Which theory is least likely to be concerned with identifying negative career thoughts? a. cognitive information theory 167 b. Krumboltz=s social learning theory c. social cognitive career theory d. work adjustment theory * 504. Which career decision-making theory is most likely to use the most structured approach to counseling? a. cognitive information processing theory * b. a spiritual approach c. Phillips=s developmental relationship model d. Myers-Briggs type theory 505. Which of the following career counseling approaches or theories is most likely to make the greatest use of assessment instruments in career counseling? a. social cognitive career theory b. Holland's theory * c. a spiritual approach d. Phillips=s development relationship model CHAPTER 16 THEORIES IN COMBINATION 506. The contextually responsive career counseling system of Lapan and Turner includes all but ONE of the following theories or models? a. Vondracek’s identity concepts b. Gottfredson’s self-creation model c. Bloch and Richmond’s spirituality model * d. social cognitive career theory 507. Which of the following theorists does NOT have a developmental model of career development? a. Vondracek b. Gottfredson c. Holland * d. Super 508. Which of the following theorists does NOT have a developmental model of career development? a. Vondracek b. Gottfredson c. Krumboltz * WWW d. Super 509. Which of the following theorists does NOT have a developmental model of career development? a. cognitive information processing theorists * b. Vondracek c. Gottfredson d. Super 510. Which theory provides a theoretical model for understanding the career development of elementary school children? a. Gottfredson's theory * 168 b. Myers-Briggs Type theory c. trait and factor theory d. work adjustment theory 511. Which theory provides a theoretical model for understanding the career development of elementary school children? a. Myers-Briggs Type theory b. Super's theory * WWW c. trait and factor theory d. work adjustment theory 512. Which theory would be least appropriate for individuals WITHOUT some work experience? a. Gottfredson's theory b. Myers-Briggs Type theory c. trait and factor theory d. work adjustment theory * 513. Morris believes that medical school is open only to wealthy students. Which theorists would MOST likely correct Morris=s mistaken beliefs? a. constructivist b. Krumboltz social learning theorists * c. spiritual career theory d. work adjustment theorists 514. Which of the following is NOT a type of trait and factor theory? a. Holland's theory b. Hopson and Adam's theory * c. Myers-Briggs Type theory d. work adjustment theory 515. Which of the following is NOT a type of trait and factor theory? a. Holland's theory b. Myers-Briggs Type theory c. Super's theory * d. work adjustment theory 516. Which of the following is NOT a type of trait and factor theory? a. constructivist theory * b. Holland's theory c. Myers-Briggs Type theory d. work adjustment theory 517. Hansen=s holistic approach to life planning is most similar to a. cognitive information processing. b. Myers Briggs Type theory. c. a spiritual approach. (425) d. trait and factor theory 518. Social cognitive career theory and Hansen=s holistic approach share this in common. a. a focus on behavior b. a focus on cognition c. a focus on typologies d. a focus on women and culturally diverse populations (408, 425) WWW 169 519. Hansen=s emphasis on connecting family to work is most similar to a. cognitive information processing theory. b. social learning theory. c. family therapy. (425) d. psychoanalysis. 520. Which theory connects LEAST well with Hansen=s integrative life planning approach? a. cognitive information processing theory. * b. a spiritual approach. c. narrative career counseling. d. Super=s developmental theory 521. Screening methods are often used in career counseling to a. decide which theories should be used in career counseling. b. evaluate counselor competence. c. find which individuals can benefit most from career counseling. (472) d. help students who are planning to look for work as soon as they have graduated from high school. 522. Screening methods are often used in counseling to a. decide which theories should be used in counseling. b. evaluate counselor competence. c. help students who are planning to look for work as soon as they have graduated from high school. d. separate clients into groups so that appropriate interventions can be provided depending on test score. (472) WWW 523. Which of these instruments can be considered a self-counseling instrument? a. Holland's Self-Directed Search (472) b. Minnesota Importance Questionnaire c. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator d. Scholastic Assessment Test 524. Which of these instruments is the most cost effective as a guidance tool? a. Holland's Self-Directed Search (472) b. Minnesota Importance Questionnaire c. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator d. Scholastic Assessment Tests 525. Computer assisted guidance tools, such as DISCOVER and SIGI3, tend to be most similar to a. Gottfredson's theory. b. the spiritual approach c. trait and factor theory. (472, 473) d. work adjustment theory. 526. Which of the following features are associated with computer guidance software, but not with tests or inventories? a. being interactive (472, 473) b. being theoretically sound c. not decision focused d. potentially unethical 170 527. Computer assisted guidance systems differ from tests and inventories in that computer guidance systems a. are potentially unethical. b. contain an occupational data base. (472,473) c. have a self-assessment component. d. have no relationship to career development theory. 528. Which of these features of group career counseling is also available in individual career counseling? a. being motivated by peers b. gaining self-understanding (474, 475) c. having an opportunity to assist others d. learning from others in a similar situation 529. Alice is having difficulty selling herself to employers. Her counselor concludes that her reticent nature reflects her Realistic rather than Enterprising personality. Her counselor is using a. cognitive information processing theory. b. Holland's theory. * c. Myers-Briggs Type theory. d. work adjustment theory. 530. Brian is having difficulty networking with employers. His counselor finds that Brian is preoccupied by his inner world rather than the outer world that deals with employment. His counselor is using a. constructivist theory b. Holland's theory. c. Myers-Briggs Type theory. * d. work adjustment theory. 531. Because Ellsworth has valued his leisure and community service roles far more than his work role. He has not experienced as much difficulty as many of his coworkers who also have been laid off. His counselor is using a. constructivist theory. b. Holland's theory. c. Myers-Briggs Type theory. d. Super's theory. * WWW 532. Which theory views career counseling as dealing with the client=s story? a. Holand=s theory b. narrative counseling * c. Phillips=s theory d. Super=s theory 533. Actions of others is a concept that is associated with this theory. a. Gottfredsen=s theory b. Holland=s theory c. Phillips=s theory * d. work adjustment theory 534. The career development theory that focuses on the effect that actions of others have on a client=s career choice is 171 a. b. c. d. Gottfredson=s theory. social cognitive career theory. Phillips=s theory. * spirituality theories. 535. Hearing that her job has been terminated, Eleanor has responded by saying, "I never will get another job. There is no other work that I can do." Her counselor responds by saying, "There are other jobs that you can do. I will help you consider other types of work." The counselor's statements most clearly fits a. Holland's theory. b. Myers- Briggs Type theory. c. social learning theory. * d. Super's developmental theory. 536. Which career development theory relies most heavily on tests and inventories? a. Erikson's identity theory b. Gottfredson's theory c. the spiritual theories d. trait and factor theory (478) 537. Which Holland category has more occupations associated with it in the Dictionary of Occupational Titles than any other Holland category? a. Enterprising b. Investigative c. Realistic (479) d. Social 538. Which occupational classification system has the fewest first level or major categories? a. Dictionary of Occupational Titles b. Guide for Occupational Exploration c. Holland's system (479, 480) d. The O*NET 539. Which career development theory explains the impact of learning gender roles between the ages of 6 and 8? a. career self-efficacy theory b. Gottfredson's theory (482) c. Holland's theory d. work adjustment theory 540. Jane and her counselor have different ways of perceiving and intuiting. This statement reflects a. construct theory b. Holland's theory. c. Myers-Briggs Type theory. * d. Super's theory. 541. Jack and his counselor mutually reinforce each other. Both can be viewed as environments. These comments are based on a. cognitive information processing b. Gottfredson's theory. 172 c. social cognitive career theory d. work adjustment theory. * 542. Mark is 18 and his counselor is 65. The theory that provides the most understanding for dealing with age discrepancies between counselor and client is a. cognitive information processing theory. b. Holland's theory. c. Myers-Briggs Type theory. d. Super's theory. * 543. Theories that focus on the unequal opportunities for women and people from diverse cultural groups are most likely to be a. career decision-making. b. narrative. c. sociological and economic. * d. trait and factor. 544. Which theory is associated with the terms "Conventional" and "Enterprising"? a. Holland's theory. * b. Myers- Briggs Type theory. c. social learning theory. d. Super's developmental theory. 545. "Sensing" and "intuiting" are terms associated with a. Holland's theory. b. Myers- Briggs Type theory. * c. social learning theory. d. Super's developmental theory. 546. "Self-observation generalizations about interests" refers to a. Holland's theory. b. Myers- Briggs Type theory. c. Krumboltz’s social learning theory. * d. trait and factor theory. 547. "Maintenance" and "disengagement" stages are a part of a. Holland's theory. b. Hopson and Adam's theory. c. Myers- Briggs Type theory. d. Super's developmental theory. * 548. Dealing with trauma due to sudden job termination is covered most completely by a. Holland's theory. b. Hopson and Adam's theory. * c. Myers- Briggs Type theory. d. Super's developmental theory. 549. Which of the following theories has been least successful in explaining career development? a. Gottfredson's theory. b. Holland's theory. c. Roe's theory. * d. Super's theory. 173 550. Which of the following theories integrates several theories within it? a. Gottfredson's developmental theory. b. Holland's trait and factor theory. c. Lapan and Turner’s contextually responsive career counseling system (464) d. Super's developmental theory.174 |
Computer assisted guidance tools, such as discover and sigi3, tend to be most similar to
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