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ated is not far from the truth. It is understood, aid of varnish. The fans of the prince and his women, that tents, which no doubt in time of frost will be at Donations amount to about 19007., Life are also made of little slips of Hinoki wood held to-hermetically closed, will have the disadvantage of abscriptions to 16,0007., Debentures to 50,000l., gether by silken threads, and gleaming with the colours keeping the plants in total darkness and cause them d other sources to 20007., making a total of of the rainbow. The country of Hinoki is chiefly the to run up blanched. We guarantee such will not In geothermal as in every other out 70,0007. On the other hand the new offices forests, and on account of the high price of its timber kind of cultivation, all plants must have a period of mountainous part of Nippon, where it forms vast be the result. ill probably cost 70007.; water supply, basins, is an important article of trade. Huge piles of colossal rest, and that season is winter. Now plants do not scades, &c., 12,0007.; the conservatory, 18,000.; balks and planks may be seen collected on the banks of blanch except when over stimulated by heat they chitectural arrangements within the arcades, Japanese rivers. The tree is planted for ornament and are made to grow in the midst of darkness or without 0,500%.; earthwork, walks, roads, planting, &c. shade all over the empire. a sufficiency of light. According to the geothermal ., 80002.; statuary, &c., 35007.; sundries, insystem, plants will be left dry during winter, and ading contingencies and professional services, only just the necessary heat given to prevent their ,0007.; in all, 69,000l. suffering from cold; they will be in the state, in short, neither to throw out bud nor leaf, and therefore not liable either to be drawn up or to damp off. Besides, it must be borne in mind, that plants which have been from six to eight months in the open air, strengthened by the sun's rays, and not deluged by waterings and syringings, which are overdone by the present style of cultivation, will bear far better a few days of darkness than the majority of green-house plants, which only receive sunlight passing through panes of glass, The necessity of and often lessened by linen shades. having to weaken the solar light for tropical plants, is, we are compelled to say, against nature, and is a palpable proof of some absurdity in our plan of treating them. It is also reported that a collector of plants in outh Brazil is about to be engaged, from whom mple supplies of new seeds and plants will be ceived for distribution among the Fellows of the ciety.
New Plants. [Among the last arrivals from Mr. J. G. Veitch are ome most interesting plants hitherto wholly unknown our gardens, and which, considering the climate hat produces them, may be expected to be as perfectly ardy as Thujopsis dolabrata itself. We add a few notes concerning them.]
11. PINUS DENSIFLORA, Siebold & Zucc., Flora Japonica, ii. p. 22, t. 112. or 16. VEITOHIA JAPONICA: Lindley, n. g. Of this extraordinary plant only two mutilated cones a few seeds, and a small branch have been received; but they suffice to show that it is a wholly new form in the Coniferous order, with the seeds of a Chama cyparis, the leaves of an Abies, and cones which become when ripe more like spherical honeycombs than any- But although a few days of darkness would not be thing else to which we can compare them. One would injurious to evergreens, it would be different were Of this Siebold gives the following account. It is fancy the plant to represent an Abies permanently darkness to be continued for months; therefore tents assuming in the cone the monstrous form so often should be so constructed as to open on the sunny ound all over Japan, but more rarely in the Southern given to the common Spruce by the attack of insects, side, and to permit the interior to be aired or lighted rovinces, where it is generally cultivated; and in masses the middle part of the empire, where it forms vast and then struggling onwards to become a Sciadopitys instantaneously, or closed when necessary. At interroods along with P. Massoniana. Near Nagasaki a Cryptomeria. The branches are short and vals, or even the whole length of the tent (the south covered with spirally arranged projecting curved side only), the pieces of cloth could be made to roll up e only saw a few solitary specimens, 40 feet high pulvines, resembling those of Abies Menziesii. At the to the top or to draw aside like curtains. However r more. It is more especially found on the slopes base of each branchlet is a small cup formed of recurved severe the winter in our latitudes, it rarely passes f mountains to the height of 1000 to 2000 feet. It scales from which the branchlet emerged when young. without some sunny days; sometimes even the mild Owever occurs at the bottom of valleys, and on the The leaves are inch long, linear, blunt, and weather will last a long time. It should, therefore, oad from Ohosaka to Jeddo are thickets of it and glaucous beneath. The cones are erect, downy, nearly benefit the plants as much as possible. In the south, Massoniana, standing above the marshy rice-fields; spherical, about an inch in diameter, before ripening where there is so much sun in winter, and where it so he latter species is however more especially a valley furnished with incurved horn-like projecting bracteal rarely freezes during the day, the tents should be wide lant, becoming a mere bush at the height of 3500 feet above the sea. The timber is of great 4-sided sockets or cavities, within which lodge a (to us free entrance of air (though even cold) and bright scales, which at maturity break and disclose as many open as long as the sun is above the horizon. The xcellence; its resin is largely in request for the uncertain) number of small 2-winged seeds terminated light are very favourable to plants, provided, as we laisters and salves used by the Japanese in healing by a pair of short straight tooth-like processes. We have just remarked, they have been well hardened ounds and sores. In pulmonary complaints they hold to be a specific. Indian, or China, ink is made from cannot do otherwise than associate with this extra- during the preceding summer and are well protected he soot of both P. densiflora and Massoniana. So far ordinary genus the name of Mr. J. G. Veitch, its from damp. active and intelligent discoverer and the introducer of so many fine trees previously unknown in this country. For our scientific readers we subjoin a brief technical description. VEITCHIA.-Genus Coniferarum Abietearum. Strobili alveolati: i.e. ovariis convolutis omninò connatis demum apice quadratim dehiscentibus, bracteis cornutis elongatis incurvis maturitate fragilibus. Semina diptera, apice bicornia s. bidentata (numero indeterminata). Folia Abietis. Sp. 1. V. japonica, foliis linearibus obtusis subtus glaucis, phyllulis rhombeis, pulvinis elongatis rigidis incurvis, strobilis sphæricis erectis pubescentibus, bracteis triangularibus elongatis incurvis. Siebold. The cones are smaller than those of a The time when it becomes desirable to uncover or cover geothermal groups will, of course, depend on the general climate of the country and the meteorological rule of the year. At Paris winter protection would usually commence on the 15th of October, first partially, augmenting it gradually as the cold increases. The closing the tents should be perfect, even hermetical, during hard frosts; and should the temperature of the interior approach freezing, the ground should be moderately heated in order that the confined atmosphere of the tent might be sufficiently maintained above freezing point. This object would be best attained if, when the apparatus was put up, apertures allowing heat to escape were made in the underground heating pipes, to open and shut at pleasure. But it would be perhaps more simple adapted for this use. and easy to employ small portable stoves especially In the south such care would probably be only necessary with plants of quite a tropical nature.
Scotch Fir, with flat lozenge shaped terminations to the scales, and very small seeds with a narrow curved ea ing. Mr. Gordon tells his readers that this plant is he same as the Stone Pine, an astounding assertion, nough to ruin the credit of any book. (See his Pinetum, p. 179.)
12. PINUS PARVIFLORA, Siebold & Zuccarini, Flora Japonica, ii. 27, t. 115.
This is one of the Cembra tribe of Pines with leaves 5 in a sheath, and great wingless seeds. According to Siebold, it, although found cultivated all over Japan, s a native exclusively of north of the empire, extendng from about 35° N. Lat. to the Kurile islands. It orms a small tree not above 25 feet high in the apanese promenades, but being taller on the Northastern slope of the Fakone mountains. The wood is much used by cabinet makers and turners. There is a warf variety, and the species seems much inclined to rary in stature and in the length of the leaves. The cones are oblong with great blunt thin-edged concave rugged scales, when fully open.
15. RETINISPORA PISIFERA, Siebold & Zuccarini, Flora Japonica, ii. 89, t. 122. (Sawara Jap.) A smaller and more slender tree than the last, with sharp pointed leaves glaucous and concave on the under side. According to Siebold the leaves are also of a darker green; he saw individuals 25-30 feet high near a temple at Nagasaki; and found it growing intermixed with R. obtusa. Its cones are much smaller, and the oil cysts on its seeds more numerous as well as larger.
13. ABIES FIRMA, Siebold & Zuccarini, Flora Japonica, ii. 15, t. 107. Concerning this most beautiful species we collect the following from Siebold. It is a large tree, with the aspect of the European Silver Fir, growing from Kiusu to the Kurile islands. Its timber holds a fifth-rate place among the Japanese, and is principally used in Their scales are broad, dull, downy, a little notched at the edge, and beyond them projects somewhat the narrow sharp point of a stiff bracteal scale.
M. NAUDIN'S GEOTHERMAL SYSTEM. (Continued from page 217). § 3. Temporary Shelters. the use of glazed coverings, but merely require that A building of common light but solid wood work, a kind of cage, of which the pieces would easily take asunder and would last for a long time, would form In short, we the support for the covering material. only want a sort of tent to shelter the plants from cold.
Towards the close of winter the plants should be gradually uncovered, that is, the tents should be more and more opened during the daytime, according as the weather is genial, and the sun strong. It is needless to say that they should be closed at night should frost threaten.
At Paris it would be scarcely before the 15th to the 30th of April that the whole of the coverings could be removed; perhaps then it might be necessary to retain them during some days in May. In the south this may be effected three weeks or a month sooner, according to the situation and the weather. There plants would require but three or four months' shelter, and even less, were the geothermal cultivation employed on the sea coast; viz., at Nice, Marseilles, Toulon, Hyères, and other places particularly favoured by climate.
most do The thickness of the walls of such a tent should softer textures for the roofing. The most indis pensable part is to cover the whole down to the ground with tarpaulin, which whilst increasing the thickness of the sides and augmenting their effects would also protect them from humidity. A netting of coarse cord, very open, much like that used to cover air balloons, should be interposed between any woollen covering and cloth, so as to regulate the ingress of the air, and add to the protection of the tent.
to look with one eye through three or more stakes or, became frozen in on December the 19th, eo that they and do not plant them out till there is some nata posts, in order to erect a wall or plant a row of trees.” could not be laid down; dry leaves were heaped on to heat in the ground. For the last three years I ha The latter part of the definition is not very apropos. them so as nearly to cover their tops, and some branches grown a late Potato from Ireland named “Millet However, on turning to Chambaud, it will be found of Portugal Laurels laid over the leaves. They are all Manifold,” wbich has a particularly long, hard, a that borgne signifies one-eyed; and Bornoyer [regarder killed to their roots, while those lying on the woody stem, and seems to withstand the mildew long d'un seul wil une surface pour juger de son alignement], surface close by, and covered with mats only, are than any other I know of. Last year the haulm to look over a surface with one eye. In this sense the fresh and green as ever. Ayrshire and all other Climb- quite green in October, but this sort cannot be said word was employed in gardening directions by Le ing Roses, even very enormous masses of the former, be quite free from the disease, for a few of the tub Brun, 'translated by James as follows :-“'Tis usual 10 20 years old, are killed down to the ground—as are all, were affected at lifting time. The Fluke variety put paper or card upon the head of the stakes or the Bourbon, Noisette, and China Roses. Some young also a very strong - woody stein, and withstands ranging-sticks, slitting the head of them a little, and trees in pots of the last mentioned, which were not disease longer than many others.-William Tille putting the paper or card into the slit, which is a very wanted for propagation, were thrown down and covered Welbeck. grent ease and relief to the sight, especially in lines of with mats in the manner I have described. They have Vines Killed by Frost ?—I have a sinall greenho great length. When the paper is not seen plain been recently uncovered, and not a bud or twvig 18 substantially built and glazed, and heated by enough, you cause a man to hold his hat behind the injured. I need not enlarge on this gubject; your water, planted with five Black Hamburgl, Vines. Ti stake, the white paper appearing much plainer by the readers 'will, I think, see the great store-house of heat have done exceedingly well, and produced two opposition of the black of the hat; and by this means always at hand, the work of the Creator, to be used by crops of Grapes, but not heavy. The Vine nearest the person that bourns may more easily distinguish all the gardener with so much advantage. I must not entrance of the pipes is breaking very weakly the heads of the stakes." From what has been stated, it conclude without mentioning the remarkable freedom slowly; the second plant is breaking well, the thi evidently appears that from the French Bornoyer we from fog or mould that is found in plants lying on the fourth, and fifth are quite dead down to the bord have the terms Bourning, Borning, and Boning rods. surface of the ground covered with mats for several outside. The Vines are taken into the house close That of Borning, employed by Mr. Loudon, appears the weeks. In close pits and frames this is often a great the border, 'no legs being exposed to the weather. T most correct; but Boning is the one now used by the evil. The only certain method of taking full advan- house has been filled with mixed plants, such greatest number in this country; yet as the other tage of earth-heat is to have a close covering—perhaps Geraniums, Heliotropes, &c., and sustained no visi occurs in gardening works, and as many gardeners have even an air-proof covering would be better than any injury during the winter. My man says that the wint doubts as to these names, we have thought it necessary thing-next to the plants, and nearly in contact with has killed the Vines; is it possible for frost to do to give the above explanations. them, so that there is but little space for the gentle without killing the Heliotropes, Geraniums, &c.? I Boning rods are very simple instruments, but they and slowly accumulating heat to disperse itself. A subsoil is gravel, the locality a light sandy, dry so are nevertheless most useful aids in the formation of loose covering of leaves or branches of evergreens does the border is artificially made with the best turfy walks, roads, in draining, levelling ground, or where not seem to keep it in sufficiently to resist severe frost. and very rotten light manure. Your opinion therefc lines have to be extended either in a straight or sloping The advantages to be derived from earth-heat are not respecting the cause of the disaster will greatly obli direction for any purpose. Thus let A a, B b, and C c, confined to the nurseryman who may employ it to keep: The Vines have been planted five years. A Subscrib represent rods of equal length. It is evident that if his young evergreens from injury; gardeners by placing [When such things as Geraniums and Heliotro) their winter crops in a proper sloping position, if of a were not injured, it is evident that your Vines co height to require it, near the surfitce of the soil, in not have been killed by frost inside the house. Y f beds say 6 feet wide, may cover them with some cheap from all you state, to frost only can their death water-proof covering and thus most efficiently protect attributed. They may have even been kept wa them from severe frost with but little trouble and inside; but 'so much the worse, for in that case the 8 their tops a, b, c, are in the same straight line, their expense.—One little misprint has destroyed the meaning may have still been kept in motion, and then if t lower ends A, B, C, will be in an equidistant or parallel of a sentence at p. 194 of my last article. It should be, ground lad got frozen about the stems outside, so as straight line, and at a distance below the other equal Oranges, &c., may be grown in any common orchard- arrest the flow of sap, the plants would suffer ass to the length of the rods. If the position of the rods at house without fire-hent by merely laying the pots on describe. Some Vines of great vigour were killed A and C is determined, and if the ground at B is as the earth border, not “in." The word is a "little one,” this way by the frost in October, 1859, which occur high as f g, or as low as h i, it must be lowered in the but of importance. T. R. when their vegetation was still going on, and bef one case aud raised in the other, so that the top of the Potato Disease.- I see that a foreign professor has the usual winter covering of the stems was applied.] rod B b may appear exactly in the line of sight between again brought forward the theory of kiln drying the Ulex strictus.—It is worthy of notice that whene a and c; in the same way other points in the same line sets of Potatoes as a preventive of disease. After the a question arises as to the validity of certain nea may be ascertained, as at'd and é, by shifting the inter- report of the Royal Commissioners was circulated re-allied species, and facts are brought forward purporti mediate rod B b to these places. specting the evil in Ireland, my late noble employer, to show more or less conclusively that two or m The rods are usually between 4 feet and 4} feet long, wished me to try a series of experiments here, in ac- 60 called species are merely varieties of a single o with a cross-piece of board at top like a T square. cordance with some of the modes recommended in the that exception is taken to such facts and experime Each of the three requires a person to hold it upright; report in question with a view to prevent the mildew. on the ground that errors may have been committ but they might be made self-supporting by inserting The kiln drying of the sets, and fumigating them with or sufficient care may not have been taken. The let their lower ends in metal cones, the bases of which chlorine gas, was 'tried on a large scale, but failed in of Mr. Babington, in your impression of March 16, i should be perfectly flat. This would prove advantngeous saving them from being attacked at the usual time. case in point, and this gentleman bas expressed hims in many cases, as the man otherwise necessary to be Some of the tubers were dried nearly to desiccation, in like terms on previous occasions. Now, on stationed at the farthest rod might be dispensed with. and afterwards sulphured, but they proved just as Babington, and on those who hold the same opinie But a greater improvement might be effected liable to disease as the others. Seeds of the wild Potato as he does, surely lies the onus probandi. May we n as regards correct sighting. It is found that the rays were likewise procured from Peru, and sown in heat, therefore, look to some of these gentlemen, not only, of light in passing over the edge of any substance and when the tubers were about the size of marbles, valuable criticism on the experiments and observati undergo diflr'action, and in viewing over the edge of they vere planted by themselves, but the plants of others, but also for some method whereby the reg the cross piece of the boning rod a fringe of light is were similarly affected as the old varieties in the site amount of care may be taken and trustwort formed which renders it difficult to take the line of following summer. A large qnantity of a Kidney results obtained ? M. 7. XI. sight accurately over the tops of the three rods. shaped Red Potato was imported from Portugal that Irish Furze.—I can assure Mr. Babington that Instead, therefore, of looking over the edge it is much was said never to have had the disease there, and a pains were spared to eliminate error in raising better to sight through a small hole, which of course three acre field was planted with them. At lifting Gorse seed. I have for years applied myself to must be at the same height as the tops of the rods. time they proved to be rather sounder than the crop close observation of phenomena connected with rais Or it would be still better if a tube were fixed at that generally that year, but the foliage and tubers were plants from seed. I have thrown away hundreds height, having the end next the eye closed with any attacked by the disease at the same time as the others. both plants and seeds when it was bappened that fr black, but not glossy, piece of metal, all but a small Having tried autumn planting with no particularly the loss of a label or other such source of uncertaint siglit hole. By these means the edges of walks, good results, and the cutting and pulling up the haulm link had become lost in that chain of rigid evide bottoms of drains, &c. can be carried out to a great when the disease first appears, I have long since which is the only guide to truth. The seeds in quest nicety. The frmge or play of light above alluded to come to the conclusion that all the nostrums recom- were taken from the ripe pod and caused to germina interferes likewise with the aim iu rifles, and it varies mended for preventing the mildew are of little use, at once on a surface of wet sand within a tin bo more or less according to the state of the atmospherc. especially with late varieties of Potatoes. I am con- they were then each placed on the surface of a sm Le Brun, Theory and Practice of Gardening, as vinced that as many good sound Potatoes could be pot and watched closely by myself, till they were at translated by James, says “For levelling you should grown in this country as ever, were the early and to strike root into the soil and grow. The soil in t make use of a proper day, wlien it is still weather, not second early varieties only selected and planted for the pots was carefully examined for accidental seeds. T) too hot nor too cold ; when it neither blows nor rains, main crop. In trying some experiments with early a strongly marked variety will sometimes reprodi and when there is not much sun; all these are very Potatoes grown in frames in 1846—7 I found that itself from seed is confirmed by general experien injurious to the Sight, by the Refractions that make a the mildew could only progress in a damp high moreover such plants have been found to do this mo great Diversity in lowering or raising the Visual Ray.” temperature, and in a letter which was inserted in some seasons than in others, the seed being tak These remarks on such simple, but very useful instru- in the Times I recommmended early planting trom the same plant. My plant was what is common ments as boning rods are made with a view to accuracy, and trying only the early and second early called the Irish Furze, a densely growing bush rarely se which is bighly necessary in many gardening operations. varieties for the main crop. The mildew seldom in flower, and that from the seeds of this sort I rai Take for instance a drain where perhaps only a few appears virulently before the beginning or middle of two common Gorse bushes I stoutly aver. One of inches fall could be afforded; inaccuracy to that extent August, according to the moisture and heat prevailing garden men detected two pods on the bush last autur anywhere in its leugth would render it next to useless. at that period, and about the time the late planted when I was absent from home, and has raised two pla Potatoes have advanced to a certain stage in their which no doubt he will swear to, though I can't, bu Home Correspondence. growth. Last year the temperature was so very low in will report on them when they are strong enough August and September that the disease did not progress prick my fingers, which the old lady couldn't. No Earth-heat.-Since I wrote you an account of my so fast as usual. Had the temperature been ligh with over the frost bath killed her, and the first witness experience of the advantages I have derived from the great excess of rain that fell in these months, the the matter is now lost to science. R. 1. C. terrestrial radiation, or as I have, I think, in good whole crop would have been endangered. Such second The Potato Disease.- In the notice at page 3 English termed it earth-heat, and of the advantages to early varieties as the Dalmahoy or Taylor's Fortyfold if of your last Number, I see that this malady is impus be derived from it in future by plant cultivators, I planted carly, will produce as large crops as the best of to the“ presence in the atmosphere of a minute Fungu bave looked more closely into the various methods the late varieties, and be fit for lifting and storing in I am of opinion, that the minute Fungus is the effect employed here of protecting plants from severe frost, the beginning of August before any disease appears. disease, not the cause of it: and that, if the Pota and the effect of the late winter on them under All the early and second early varieties were good and plant were in perfect health, no Fungus (be it ever different modes of protection. Old trees of Laurus- sound last year at lifting time, and quantities I have small) would be attached to it. I have paid gre tinus, Buxus bulearica, Upright Cypress, and common stored have kept so until this time. I have no doubt attention to Fungus in all its stages, on our for Bays are killed not only down to the ground, but the that the mode promulgated by the Rev. Dr. trees, and I have long considered it as the offspri roots even appear dead. Close to these are young Stephenson in last week's Gardeners' Chronicle of disease, not the product of it. C. Waterton, Valplants in pots of the same kinds laid flat on the surface is excellent namely cutting the sets Hall. of the ground and covered with small dunnage mats in autumn, and keeping them in a dry warm place till The Renovation of Old Budded Fruit Trees.-1 two thick, without any straw or leaves-not a leaf of planting time. I always keep my seed Potatoes in following experiment may not be novel; but, bavi these young trees is injured. Young evergreen Oaks shallow boxes or baskets, in charcoal dust, till they are proved successtul, it may afford a useful hint to you and Arbutus in pots, the pots plunged in cinder ashes, quite hard and green, and sprouted an inch or two; gardeners. In my garden there grew (and owing
was in fine condition, the berries being quite plump, doctor,' said a rosy-faced, jocund volunteer, burdened and valuable variety. Mr. Melville, Dalmeny Park, knocking down 20 times without feeling it, and to get was awarded a first-class certificate for a Cabbage named up at the end of the last round in better wind than at Fearnought, a very hardy kind, and he also sent a the beginning. Now surely, doctor, you must know sprouting variety, which was submitted to a sub- how this is to be done; Tom submitted to all this, as committee for examination. Mr. Spencer sent grafts of you are well aware, and was as jolly at the end as he Bowood Muscat Grape for distribution among the com- was at the first; and why should not I, or any other mittee; and Mr. Fraser, of Lea Bridge, exhibited fellow, get into such trim, if we try? You have not scions of Pear trees which had become quite black in spent all these years studying people's complaints, and consequence of the severity of the winter. how to cure them, without arriving by this time at something practicable; so if you know of a multum in much trouble, do tell us how to proceed, and let us parvo pill, or anything else that will accomplish this, and that a plucky man like myself can adopt withouthave your directions in print." tion, and as good a one it is as common sense and
the success there is growing still, although under different conditions), against a wall between 12 and 13 feet high with a south-east aspect, an old Green Gage tree, whose fruit is, I think, superior to any I ever tasted. The tree, budded about 6 feet from the ground, was planted about 80 years ago, more rather than less. Its stem, however, had decayed to such an extent as to become not merely hollow but only a riband of bark, slightly twisted, and certainly not broader than one third of the circumference of the tree in its healthy state. It would have been quite incapable of sustaining the weight of the branches, which were suspended in the air by being nailed against the wall and fed by the little sap that reached them through the narrow strip of bark, which grew less and less from the effects of decay. Notwithstanding, the tree had made young wood not long since, and the existing branches were healthy and clean. The slightest accident threatened its destruction; and, without accident, its doom appeared near at hand, unless something could be done for it. Being anxious to save it, early in the spring of 1859 I had an incision made in the bark, just above where it was budded, and then applied to the part wooden box, of which the wall itself formed one of the sides, so as to completely cover the incision, the junction of the stock and the bud, and a few inches of the branches. The box was fastened to the wall with cramps or holdfasts and iron wire, and filled with good hazel loam, not too light, from a Wheat field. This earth was occasionally watered during the summer of a
Meeting). A considerable number of early flowering ROYAL BOTANIC, REGENT'S PARK, March 20 (Spring plants was contributed on this occasion. From Messrs. E. G. Henderson came beautiful' examples of Imato- phyllum miniatum, with great heads of showy orange blossoms; Rhododendron jasminiflorum, retusum, and Princess Royal, all fine kinds, the second having small rich orange scarlet flowers, whose only drawback is their want of size, and the last rosy-eyed delicate pink blossoms of great beauty; the same collection also con- tained various varieties of Cyclamens, the charming little Iris reticulata, and Amaryllids of different kinds. Of Cinerarias Messrs. Dobson, of Isleworth, sent a well- managed group, consisting of Masterpiece, Mount Etna, Mrs. Hoyle, Hyperion, Rifleman, and Master F. Wat- son A collection of Cinerarias was also furnished by
containing lime is used, the berries are apt to be dis the whole is protected from the weather by means of CHERRY HOUSE.-When the fruit begins to colou in pots here; all are pricked out in frames. FLOWER GAR DEN AND SHRUBBERIES. The beds in the flower garden have all been dug, in order to prepare them for their summer occupants; in short the place generally is neat and clean, and has within the last few years been considerably improved.
suffer for it. Allow a proper time for work, for relaxation and refreshment, and above all for repose and reflection, and the result will assuredly end in temperance and moderation in all things. The clear skin, beaming eyes, rosy cheeks, strength, muscularity, cheerfulness, will all return again, and with them, the grateful, heartfelt satisfaction that the bountiful gifts of Providence having been properly used, and not unsparingly abused, by the rich, have left a larger and more abundant portion to satisfy the wants and necessities of the poor. Were this a speech in Parliament the reporters would add [Hear, hear].
Garden Memoranda. HOLLAND HOUSE, KENSINGTON. The conservatory is at present gay with Camellias, which are planted out in the borders, and many of them large plants. Two specimens of the Double Striped quite 10 feet in height are literally covered with blooms from top to bottom; a noble tree of old Double White has also blossomed most profusely, a rare circumstance this season, for owing to the unfavourable weather last year for ripening wood, Camellias in general bave not flowered satisfactorily this spring. Most of the trees here have, however, bloomed as abundantly as usual.
Calendar of Operations, PLANT DEPARTMENT.
mixed beds. If the re-arrangement of herbaceous plants has no already been attended to, no time should be lost in effecting it. Some of the grosser kinds get into to large masses, and thereby destroy all proportion in the Sow annuals wherever required. Early struck Verbenas, Calceolarias, &c., may soon, if th weather becomes milder, be planted out under cove or 3 inches apart in beds; with proper protection they will make nice plants by the middle of May, and may be removed either to masses or borders, where they will bloom at once, and soon produce a striking 2 effect.
HARDY FRUIT AND KI EN GARDEN. Prepare to protect choice fruit tree blossoms from spring frosts; if Shaw's tiffany or Haythorn's hexagon netting is employed it may remain on till the crop is safe; if however thicker coverings are used they must be removed during the day time. A full crop of Potatoes may now be planted. Kidneys with well protected sprouts or any other early kinds planted now will be little later than those planted in February. This CONSERVATORY, &c.-Shrubs planted out in beds will require occasional waterings. Larger specimens in tubs or pots must also have a liberal supply, provided the drainage is effective. This is the period for free use of liquid manure, but take care that it is clear and not over strong. Large Orange trees while growing are fond of it. Where these produce gross wood, disbud or remove it altogether, and let the lower shoots take however requires a little care; the sets should be placed its place; this will induce fruitfulness by moderating in baskets a single layer thick on damp litter, and carethe growth. Pay due attention to the watering, fully handled; they should by no means be planted shifting, and stopping of plants in general. Make during either sunshine or wind. Those with sprouts 2 or cuttings as soon as they can be obtained, I Geisomerias, 3 inches long, if managed thus and covered at night until Plumbagos, Eranthemums, Justicias, Clerodendrons, the second week in May, will closely succeed those in Vincas, Euphorbias, Brugmansias, Begonias, and Thun- frames. Let a sowing of winter and spring Broccoli be bergias, &c., in order to keep up a succession of young made forthwith. Cape Broccoli and Cauliflower for stock. See that growing Orchids have abundance of Michaelmas may, however, be sown a week or two summer atmospheric moisture with a liberal circulation of air later. See that plenty of Green Kale, Savoys, Brussels early in the morning, shutting up close betimes, and Sprouts, Leeks, Scorzonera, Salsify, Beet, &c., is got in take care to observe moderation in the use of fire heat without delay. Continue successions of Horn Carrots; in order that a pure atmosphere for the night may be indeed sow a bed every month from January to Sepensured. liberal supplies of water; and let plants on blocks be Growing Dendrobiums will now require tember. frequently syringed. Most stove plants will succeed in the mixed greenhouse, where a medium between the cold greenhouse and the stove is observed. See to securing cuttings of Heaths as soon as the wood is fit for the purpose. Fumigate the moment green fly appears; this is best done in a moderate way two Friday 16 evenings in succession. 5 29.906 29.249 Satur. Sunday 17 6 Mon. 18 7 Tues. 19 >> 29.307 28.936 Wed. 20 9 29.576 Thurs. 21 10 29.796 29.397 Average.. 29.791 29.592 49.4 30.4 39.9 44.3 42.8 March 15-Overcast; very fine; frosty at night. 16-Frosty; fine; rain; fine. 17-Uniformly overcast; boisterous with heavy rain; fine. 18-Quite cloudless; fine but cold; rain at night. 19-Boisterous with rain; slight showers, and occasionally boisterous. 21-Clear; fine but cold; snow shower; clear at night. Mean temperature of the week, 29 deg, below the average. RECORD OF THE WEATHER AT CHISWICK During the last 35 years, for the ensuing Week, ending March 30, 1861. Prevailing Winds.
inside so FORCING DEPARTMENT. Arranged along the centre of this conservatory are the noble Orange trees to which we have alluded in former volumes; many of them are of great size, and all of them are in excellent health; we did not observe even a discoloured leaf on any of them, notwithstanding the severity of the winter through which they have just passed. The larger specimens have not been retubbed for years; but they are annually top-dressed in spring with old hotbed manure, which keeps them in good condition, and at the same time some cowdung and clay mixed are put round the top of the tubs as to prevent surface waterings from passing off between the tub and ball without moistening the centre of the latter. During this has been found to answer perfectly; but in ater it is removed for fear of its keeping the soil too wet. The tubs in which these trees are growing are set on feet, and made to take to pieces, so that the state of the roots can be examined at any time without any very great amount of trouble. The object kept in view has been, however, to preserve the trees in health in as small tubs as possible, and therefore when they have been found to require more root room, instead of placing them in larger tubs, the size of the ball has been reduced and fresh soil added, and thus the trees have been induced to thrive in tubs of manageable dimensions. Most if not all of the largest trees are to be re-tubbed we understand in May next, that being con- PINERIES.-Plants swelling their fruit should be sidered the best time for the operation; the new tubs carefully attended to with water at the root; for, if to which they are to be transferred are made of good allowed to get too dry, there is great danger of checking yellow Deal, held together at the corners with strong the fruit and preventing its attaining the size which it square Oak posts; tubs of this description are said to would do under proper treatment. It is, however, easy last in good condition for upwards of at least 10 years. to err in the opposite extreme, and considerable care and In the open ground tree transplanting is being practice are necessary to enable one to properly water arried on with activity; autumn is usually selected plants having their pots plunged; therefore this should for this kind of work; but where screens have to be got not be intrusted to inexperienced hands, who would up quickly, as is the case at present here, it could not probably water every plant if the surface soil indicated be delayed till that time. A belt of Horse Chesnuts, dryness. Use weak milk-warm manure water for plants Elms, Sycamores, Deodars, and Cedars of Lebanon has that are well rooted, whether fruiters or growing stock, been planted across the front park to shut out and keep the atmosphere thoroughly moist, giving from view the old Elms along the side of the Kensing-air very sparingly on cold, drying, gleamy days, except Sunday 24.. 50.0 ton road; the latter have become so aged as to be really where proper means of ventilation have been provided. Mon. dangerous to passers by; their rotten limbs must Black Jamaicas and Montserrats expected to supply wed. 27. 53.7 Tues. 26.. 51.6 therefore necessarily be removed so as not to overhang ripe fruit next autumn should soon be ready for shifting Friday 29. 53.8 Thurs. the public road, from which the new belt is a consider- into their fruiting pots, and care should be exercised Satur. 30. 53.4 34.4 43.9 able distance off. Other screens are also being formed, to avoid checking their growth by any means, as this chiefly of Lombardy Poplars, some of which are upwards might lead to their fruiting prematurely. See to of 50 feet in height. Notwithstanding their size, how- having the balls in a rather moist state at the time of ever, they are being safely removed with good balls repotting, and keep the bottom-heat regular and the by means of a small transplanting machine, made some- atmosphere moist and rather close until the plants what on the principle of the ordinary timber carriage; appear to have taken to the fresh soil. The same but with low wheels so as to get it well under the attention will be necessary in regard to watering and balls-a real advantage, especially in lifting. By means bottom-heat, &c., in the case of those growing in the of this and a few handy men trees of the dimensions open bed, for plants that are any size are apt to show just indicated are moved with ease. fruit at this season if at all checked in their growth. On Apple trees near the conservatory we noticed VINERIES.-Directly the fruit in succession houses is some fine bunches of Misletoe, the bright green of sufficiently advanced for thinning get this done, the which contrasted strikingly with the as yet leafless laterals stopped, and the shoots regulated without loss branches from which they were suspended. This of time, for allowing the berries to get so thick that the favourite Christmas parasite took possession of these scissors can hardly be got amongst them renders thinning trees naturally; but it may be easily established arti- tedious, and also robs the Vines. Give inside borders a ficially by merely making slits in the bark and liberal supply of manure water, using that from the inserting the seeds on the under sides of the bouglis, stable-yard tank where it can be obtained, and mixing where birds are not likely to pick them out and destroy with it a sufficient quantity of warm water to render them. it about milk-warm. In all cases, give every possible Various fruit trees in an orchard which was planted attention to the state of the roots, securing a little some years ago have boine excellent crops ever since artificial warmth where circumstances allow of doing so, and promise to do the same this year. The ground in for the ground is cold and very unfavourable for the the first instance was rich old pasture trenched two roots of Vines. Where fermenting materials have been spits deep; it has however been retrenched since, which used on the border of the early house, the heat should doubtless has had the effect of checking exuberant not be allowed to decline until the fruit is fairly ripe, growth, owing to many of the roots being cut, and thus for it is easier to secure a heavy crop of well-swelled rendering the trees more fruitful than they probably fruit than to perfectly colour and ripen even a moderate otherwise would have been. On walls crops of stone crop, and a healthy root action is perhaps more imfruit promise to be thin; the flower buds on Apricots portant while the fruit is colouring than at any other are opening; it must however be mentioned that this period. Therefore let the fermenting materials be is rather an early spot. turned occasionally, adding fresh as may be requisite tó Mushrooms are grown here in triangular ridges in keep the temperature of the border at about 70°. In the open air! The horse-droppings are placed in the cases where red spider threatens to be troublesome, in centre, and after being spawned are covered with soil in succession houses, rendering syringing necessary, rainthe usual way. Hay is then put over the ridge, and water should be provided for syringing with, as if water 31.9 40.9 25 50.3 32.3 41.3 32.1 41.9 34.1 43.9 31.1 43.5 33.5 43.6
STATE OF THE WEATHER AT CHISWICK NEAR LONDON Of the Air. Of the Earth 1 foot 2 feet Max. Min. Mean deep. deep.24 39.5 45 43 N.W 39.0 44 42 S.W. u
Max. Min. 30.088 55 30.035 29.978 29.853 49 29.890 29.338 47 30 33.5 43 42 S.W. W. 44 W.
No. of Years in Greatest which it Quantity Rained. of Rain.
40.5 44 42 S.W. 47 30 38.5 44 42
0.11 in. 0.50 0.17 0.37 0,68 0.33 0.50
3 5 The highest temperature during the above period occurred on the 27th, to make one according to his peculiar wants. There are ne bad lawn mowing machines now in the market. Those o any of the great advertisers are excellent. DIRTY PLANTS: BY. The leaves you have sent as a specimer of what you find in your new place are a disgrace to you predecessor. They are devoured by mealy bug and othe insects. You must wash them, or rather scrub them, wit soap and water over and over again, and when as clean a you can get them, keep down with Gishurst Compound wha insects may have escaped. You might also try soap an water strengthened by a decoction of Quassia chips. You letter, like many others, came too late for an answer las Saturday. HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY: Z A has only to be proposed by Fellow. If she will write to the Secretary at South Ken INSKOTS: ERC. The grubs you have sent are the larvae of th sington she will obtain all particulars necessary. common Daddy long legs (Tipula oleracea). Set traps a slices of Potatoes or Turnips for them in your Cucumbe frame and water the soil well with gas tar water. befor planting the ground. IV. NAMES OF PLANTS: A 15 Years' Subscriber, A weed not i flower.-D D. Leptospermum scoparium.-H G. Your plan is not in flower. It looks like a smashed morsel of Seneci Mikania.-4 Sub. 1 and 2, not in flower; 3, Cyathode acorosa.-G G. 1, Some Vitis not in flower; 2, not in flower plants not in flower cannot be named. ROBINIA PSEUDACACIA: CM. We imagine the midribs of it. or other soft substance, which will not cause dust to rise. in three baskets or vases or epergnes, or whatever may used. Only three baskets are to be shown by each party.
Long Bed.. Elvetham do. Yellow Globe Bed Globe Long Yellow
SEED GROWERS, READING, BERKS, HA AVE a most extensive and complete stock of all the best kinds of GRASS SEEDS FOR PERMANENT PASTURE, which they are now sending out daily to all parts of the Kingdom, mixed expressly to suit the soil for which they are intended and the purposes for which the Pasture is required. It is believed that MESSES. SUTTON'S Stock of GRASS SEEDS is the largest in the country, and certainly the quality cannot be surpassed. The sorts can be supplied separate or mixed to suit the soil, or the Light Large Seeds may be had in one mixture, and the Clovers and other Small Heavy Seeds in another; 2 bushels of the former and 12 lbs. of the latter per acre are supplied.
Mixtures for Permanent Meadow and Pasture, adapted to suit the soil Mixtures for Permanent Field Lawns, Parks, and Cemeteries Mixtures for Irrigation or Catch Meadows Mixtures for Reclaimed, Marsh, or Heath Land Mixtures for Loose Blowing Sands, Heavy Clays, Chalky Soils, and Sharp Gravel. Mixtures of Finest Short Grasses for Garden Lawn ..... 1s. per lb., or, per bushel 18s. Renovating Mixture of Clovers and Fine Grasses for Old Parks and Meadows, 9d. per lb., or, by the cwt., 80s.
Sutton's Champion Skirving's Improved Marshall's Purple-top 20 Improved White 2 0 Hardy Purple-top
CLOVER, genuine and of excellent quality. WHITE DUTCH, 11d. to 'ls. per lb... 100s. to 1128. per cwt. | TREFOIL, fine RED OR BROAD, fine 8d. 728. 843. extra fine 9d. extra fine COW GRASS, true
17 MIXTURES OF CLOVER AND RYE GRASS SEEDS To be Sown with Corn for a Crop of Clover, &c., in the following year, containing 16 lbs. Clovers per acre, including Alsike, 20s. p. acre. N.B.-MESSRS. SUTTON furnish complete instructions for sowing and management with the Seed.
TURNIPS. Per lb. 2 6 Yellow Tankard.. 19 Lincolnshire Red Globe 20 Sutton's Green Round.. 20 White Globe 20 Mottled, or Grey Stone PRICES OF CLOVER SEEDS VARIABLE ACCORDING TO MARKET.
s. d. 1 9 1 6 1 6 1 6 2 6 Devon Evergreen
FARM SEEDS HAT wi' Swedes, Coal-rabby, and Mangel-Wuzzle," we devote a very considerable degree of attention to our Farm Seed Department, especially to laying down Land for Permanent Pasture, and to Rye-Grasses and Clover for one or two years' lay. The Seeds we have selected and sent out for these purposes have given the greatest possible atisfaction. Seeds for Permanent Pasture, 30s. per acre.
RENOVATING MIXTURE FOR OLD PASTURE. For the improvement of Old Pastures we should recommend, when the land is being dressed in the Spring with manure, that about 8 or 10 lbs. of Grass Seed per acre be harrowed or bushed in with it, the quality and quantity of herbage will be thus greatly improved. Suitable Seed for this purpose we can supply at 94. per lb., or 80s. per owt.
OTHER AGRICULTURAL SEEDS, NEW AND UNADULTERATED: SWEDES. RYE-GRASS. Sutton's Italian CARROTS. Per bushel. s. d. Per lb. 6 6 White Belgian Imported Fine Imported do. 6 6 Yellow Belgian do. Common .. 48. 6d. to 5 6 Large Altringham Pacey's Perennial 6 0 James' Intermediate
Goods delivered Carriage Free. Priced Lists Post Free. Cash or reference requested with first orders. Five per Cent. allowed for Payment on receipt of Goods. SUTTON & SONS, ROYAL BERKSHIRE SEED ESTABLISHMENT, READING.
8. d. 1 6 Holcus saccharatus 2 0 Lucerne
Drumhead Cabbage Large Cattle Parsnip Kohl Rabi, of sorts
388. 6d. per cwt. the controversy between the dealers and the grow 48 6 94 0 103 0 " "" ers of Hops on the effect of sulphur applied to the growing plant. The whole subject will be found We
SEED CORN FROM THE CHALK. AYNBIRD, CALDECOTT, AND BAWTREE supply carefully selected and screened samples of all the most approved varieties of Wheat, Barley, Oats, &c. RA Address, Basingstoke, Andover; or 89, Seed Market, Mark Lane, E.C. Samples and prices Post-free on application. CALDECOTT, AND BAWTREE, RAYNBIRD, CALD ECOTERS, Basingstoke, AnROVE,
and 89, Seed Market, Mark Lane, London, E.C. Samples and Quotations of all kinds of AGRICULTURAL SEEDS, and SEED CORN, sent post free on application. Peruvian Guano, Lawes' Turnip Manures, Linseed Cakes, Cotton Seed Cakes, &c., of best quality at Market Prices. ANGEL WURZEL AND TURNIP SEEDS.
Stocks of the above SEEDS, crop 1860, grown from selected and transplanted Bulbs. Terms on application. JAMES FAIRHEAD & SON, Seed Growers and Merchants, Lewisham, Kent. London Establishment: 7, Borough Market, S. E.
The Agricultural Gazette. SATURDAY, MARCH 23, 1861.
MEETINGS FOR THE TWO FOLLOWING WEEKS. Framlingham MONDAY, Mar. 25 (Mr. Bond on the Agricultural Future). Botley (Cattle Show).TUESDAY, .. WEDNESDAY, 4 P.M. Kingscote (Mr. Cox on a Knowledge of 26 the Theory of Agriculture) 6. P.M. 27{Hungerford (The Highway and Parochial Assessment Bills) THURSDAY, 28-Royal Agri Society of Ireland. MONDAY, April 1-London Farmers' Club WEDNESDAY, 3-Agri. Society of England .. 6-Hexham. SATURDAY,
A RECENT trial (Bannerman v. White and others, Maidstone, March 15) reopens, or at least restates |
After seeing the word apple, subjects name the word orange faster than hammer. this is
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