The emergence of a global economy, transformation of industrial economies, transformation of the business enterprise, and the emergence of the digital firm make information systems essential in business today. These trends present the business firm and its management with several new challenges. . As a growing percentage of the advanced industrial economies in the United States, Europe and Asia depends on imports and exports, information systems supply both communications and analytic instruments for engaging in trade and for managing businesses that are spread throughout the world. The major industrial powers in the United States, Europe and Asia are being transformed from industrial economies to knowledge- and information-based service economies. In such economies, information systems and technology have become critical to these economies, and in this day and age, they have become essential to economies that primarily remain reliant upon manufacturing. The emerging technology and the organizational redesign that has accompanied it have created the condition for the emergence of the digital firm. While firms of this type are still few and far between, they are growing in number. Perhaps more important right now, almost all larger firms and even many smaller ones have become reliant upon the digital firm technology for much of their activity, including relations with customers and suppliers. 1- How are information systems transforming business and what is their relationship to globalization? E-mail, online conferencing, and cell phones have become essential tools for conducting business. Information systems are the foundation of fast-paced supply chains. The internet allows many businesses to buy, sell, advertise, and solicit customer feedback online. Organizations are trying to become more competitive and efficient by digitally enabling their core business processes and evolving into digital firms. The Internet has stimulated globalization by dramatically reducing the costs of producing, buying, and selling goods on a global scale. New information system trends include the emerging mobile digital platform, online software as a service, and cloud computing. l Describe how information systems have changed the way businesses operate and their products and services. n Increase in wireless technology use, Web sites n Shifts in media and advertising n New federal security and accounting laws l Identify three major new information system trends. Information system: Three activities produce information organizations need n Input: Captures raw data from organization or external environment n Processing: Converts raw data into meaningful form n Output: Transfers processed information to people or activities that use it l Describe the characteristics of a digital firm. • In the emerging, fully digital firm – Significant business relationships are digitally enabled and mediate – Core business processes are accomplished through digital networks – Key corporate assets are managed digitally • Digital firms offer greater flexibility in organization and management – Time shifting, space shifting l Describe the challenges and opportunities of globalization in a “flattened” world. Globalization opportunities n Internet has drastically reduced costs of operating on global scale n Presents both challenges and opportunities 2- Why are information systems so essential for running and managing a business today? List and describe six reasons why information systems are so important for business today? Information systems are a foundation for conducting business today. In many industries, survival and even existence is difficult without extensive use of information technology. Businesses today use information systems to achieve 6 major objectives: 1. Operational excellence 2. New products, services, and business models 3. Customer/supplier intimacy 4. Improved decision making 5. Competitive advantage 6. Day-to-day survival 3-What exactly is an information system? How does it work? What are its management, organization and technology components? *Define an information system and describe the activities it performs. The textbook defines an information system as a set of interrelated components that work together to collect, process, store, and disseminate information to support decision making, coordination, control, analysis, and visualization in an organization. In addition to supporting decision making, coordination, and control, information systems may also help managers and workers analyze problems, visualize complex subjects, and create new products *List and describe the organizational, management, and technology dimensions of information systems. Organization: The organization dimension of information systems involves issues such as the organization’s hierarchy, functional specialties, business processes, culture, and political interest groups. Management: The management dimension of information systems involves issues such as training, job attitudes, and management behavior. Technology: The technology dimension consists of computer hardware, software, data management technology, and networking/telecommunications technology. *Distinguish between data and information and between information systems literacy and computer literacy. Data are streams of raw facts representing events occurring in organizations or the
physical environment before they have been organized and arranged into a form that people can understand and use. Information is data that have been shaped into a form that is meaningful and useful to human beings. Information literacy is more concerned with creating information useful to an
organization and its employees, whereas computer literacy addresses the simple use of computers. As technology uses spread beyond traditional computers, information literacy enables employees and organizations to gain an edge over their competition Explain how the Internet and the World Wide Web are related to the other technology components of information systems. The World Wide Web is a service provided by the Internet that uses universally accepted standards for storing, retrieving, formatting, and displaying information in a page format on the Internet. Web pages contain text, graphics, animations, sound, and video and are linked to other Web pages. The Internet and World Wide Web have had a tremendous impact on the role information systems play in organizations. These two tools are responsible for the increased connectivity and collaboration within and outside the organization. The Internet, World Wide Web, and other technologies have led to the redesign and reshaping of organizations. They have helped transform the organization’s structure, scope of operations, reporting and control mechanisms, work practices, work flows, and products and services. 4- What are complementary assets? Why are complementary assets essential for ensuring that information systems provide genuine value for an organization? Define complementary assets and describe their relationship to information technology. Complementary assets are assets infrastructure or capabilities needed to support the successful commercialization and marketing of a technological innovation other than those assets fundamentally associated with innovation. Also complementary assets are those assets required to derive value from a primary investment. Companies must supportive values and structures to get higher value from the investments. And value must be added through complementary assets such as new business processes, training and organizational culture. Describe the complementary social, managerial, and organizational assets required to optimize returns from information technology investments. Social assets: #The internet and telecommunications infrastructure #IT-enriched educational programs raising labour force computer literacy # Standards(both government and private sector) #Technology and service firms in adjacent market to assist implementation Managerial assets : #Strong senior management support for technology investment and change #Incentives for management innovation #Teamwork and collaborative work environments #Management culture that values flexibility and knowledge-based decision making Organizational assets: #Supportive culture that values efficiency and effectiveness # Appropriate business model # Efficient business processes #Decentralized authority #Distributed decision- making rights What academic disciplines are used to study information systems? How does each contribute to an understanding of information systems? What is a socio technical systems perspective? List and describe each discipline that contributes to a technical approach to information systems. A technical approach mathematically-based models to study information systems and the physical technology and formal capabilities of information systems. Students should know the differences between computer science ,computation methods, data storage and access methods), management science and operations research. List and describe each discipline that contributes to a behavioral approach to information systems. There are many A behavioral approach to information systems that focuses on for example strategic business integration, behavioral problems of systems utilization, system design and implementation, social and organizational impacts of information systems, political impacts of information systems, and individual responses to information systems. Solutions to problems created by information technology are primarily changes in attitudes, management and organizational policy Describe the socio technical perspective on information systems. The technical approach and behavior approach are combined by socio technical perspective to achieve optimal organizational performance. Technology must be changed to fit organizational and individual needs .And also they must change by training, learning, and allowing technology to operate and success . |
Why are information system are essential in business today identify at least two trends in the global business environment?
zusammenhängende Posts
Urheberrechte © © 2024 wiewird Inc.
