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Page 2
From: Personality trait differences across types of entrepreneurs: a systematic literature review
Differentiation
Entrepreneur sub-type
% of studies
Exemplary definition given in previous research
Source of exemplary definition
No differentiation
General entrepreneurs
42
“Working individuals are classified as self-employed when they report self-employment as their primary activity”
Caliendo et al. (2014)
Differentiation by stage of business
Nascent entrepreneurs
13
"New Finnish startups […] approximately four/six months had passed since the startups become active"
Hyytinen et al. (2015)
Successful entrepreneurs
5
"Successful entrepreneurs and their firms (…) entrepreneurs who were selected as finalists in first six years of the Ernst & Young Russian Entrepreneur of the Year competition”"
McCarthy et al. (2018)
Incubator participants
2
"High-potential early-stage entrepreneurs in a business accelerator program"
Schmitt et al. (2018)
Differentiation by type of business
Family-business entrepreneurs
4
“Family-owned (…) and nonfamily-owned (…) small- and medium-sized tourism enterprise owners in regional South Australia”
Hallak et al. (2014)
Agrirural entrepreneurs
2
"Agrirural entrepreneurs in Taiwan"
Liang (2019)
Technological entrepreneurs
2
"Technology-based enterprises. (…) firms founded by former employees of MIT major laboratories and engineering departments as well as by the former employees of a government laboratory, a major non-profit systems engineering organization and two large technological corporations."
Roberts (1989)
Retail & service entrepreneurs
2
"Owners of small retail businesses in Vietnam [from (…)] the Tam Bac Market (…) in urban Hai Phong"
"Entrepreneurs […] of the Bangladeshi immigrant community […] living in the greater London area"
Ahmed (1985)
Non-entrepreneurs with entrepreneurial interest
General students with entrepreneurial interest
17
"83 (…) real entrepreneurs, 254 (…) university students with high scores in entrepreneurial intention"
López-Núñez et al. (2020)
Business students with entrepreneurial interest
13
"Business students taking courses at public universities in Madrid"
Espíritu-Olmos and Sastre-Castillo (2015)
Scientists/academics
1
“Entrepreneurial behavior in a sample of German scientists (…) in the German Federal State of Thuringia, which has a legacy of academic entrepreneurship”
Obschonka et al. (2012)
Percentages add up to more than 100% because some studies sampled more than one sub-type of entrepreneur. Several studies compared the outlined sub-type of entrepreneur to a general or specific comparison group