Describe the components of the computer system and how they interact with RAM and ROM to execute instructions.
Describe The Components In The System Unit
The system unit, sometimes called the chassis, is a box-like case housing the electronic components of a computer that are used to process data. System unit components include the processor, memory module, cards, ports, connectors. Many of the system unit's components reside on a circuit board called the motherboard. The motherboard contains many different types of chip, or small pieces of semiconducting material, on which one or more Integrated circuits(IC) are etched. An integrated circuit is a microscopic pathway capable of carrying electronic current. Each IC can contain millions of transistors, which act as switches for electronic signals.
Explain How The CPU Uses The Four Steps Of A Machine Cycle To Process Data
The Central Processing Unit(CPU), also called a processor, significantly impacts overall computing power and managers most of a computer's operation. The CPU contains the control units and the arithmetic/logic unit. The control unit directs and coordinates most of the operation in the computer. For every instruction, the control unit repeats a set of four basic operation called the machine cycle.
Fetching: The instruction or data item for memory.
Decoding: The instruction into commands the computer understands.
Executing: The commands, and if necessary.
Storing : Writing the result to memory.
The arithmetic/logic unit(ALU) perform the execution part of the machine cycle. Specifically, the ALU carries out three operations: Arithmetic operation : Performing calculation, which include addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.
Comparison operation : Comparing data item to determine if the first item is greater than, equal to, or less than other item.
Logical operation : Working with conditions and logical operators such as AND , OR , NOT .
Compare and contrast various personal computer processor on the market today.
Differentiate Between The Various Type Of Memory
A temporary storage place for data, and information. Memory stores the operating system, application program, and the data processed by application program. A byte is the basic storage unit in memory. Memory size is measured by the number of byte available for use. A kilobyte(KB or K) of memory is approximately one thousand bytes, a megabyte(MB) is approximately one million bytes, and a gigabyte(GB) is approximately one billion bytes. The system unit contains several types of memory.
RAM(random access memory)
A memory chips that the processor can read from and write to. Most RAM is volatile memory, meaning that its contents are lost when the computer's power is turned off. Two basic types of RAM chips are dynamic RAM static RAM. Dynamic RAM(DRAM) must be re-energized constantly or it loses its contents. Static RAM(SRAM) is faster and more reliable than DRAM and has to be re-energized less often, but is much more expensive.
Memory cache also called a cache store or RAM cache, improves processing time by storing frequently used instruction and data. ROM(read-only-memory) refers to memory chips that only can be read and used; that is, they cannot be modified. ROM is nonvolatile memory(NVM), meaning that its contents are not lost when the computer's power is turned off. A variation of the ROM chip, called programmable read-only-memory(PROM), is a blank chip on which you can place items permanently.
Flash memory also known as flash ROM or flash RAM. is nonvolatile memory that can be erased electronically and reprogrammed. Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor(CMOS)memory, another type of memory chip, store configuration information about the computer and uses battery power to retain information when the power to the computer is off.
