Obtain all the zeros of the polynomial f x x 4 x 3 23 x 2 3x 60 if two of the zeros are √ 3 and √ 3

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    Changes made to your input should not affect the solution:

     (1): "x2"   was replaced by   "x^2".  2 more similar replacement(s).


    Step by step solution :

    Step  1  :

    Equation at the end of step  1  :

    ((((x4)+(x3))-23x2)-3x)+60 = 0

    Step  2  :

    Polynomial Roots Calculator :

     2.1    Find roots (zeroes) of :       F(x) = x4+x3-23x2-3x+60
    Polynomial Roots Calculator is a set of methods aimed at finding values of  x  for which   F(x)=0  

    Rational Roots Test is one of the above mentioned tools. It would only find Rational Roots that is numbers  x  which can be expressed as the quotient of two integers

    The Rational Root Theorem states that if a polynomial zeroes for a rational number  P/Q   then  P  is a factor of the Trailing Constant and  Q  is a factor of the Leading Coefficient

    In this case, the Leading Coefficient is  1  and the Trailing Constant is The factor(s) are:

    of the Leading Coefficient :  1
     
    of the Trailing Constant :

     1 ,2 ,3 ,4 ,5 ,6 ,10 ,12 ,15 ,20 , etc

    Let us test ....

      P  Q  P/Q  F(P/Q)   Divisor
         -1     1      -1.00      40.00   
         -2     1      -2.00      -18.00   
         -3     1      -3.00      -84.00   
         -4     1      -4.00      -104.00   
         -5     1      -5.00      0.00    x+5 
         -6     1      -6.00      330.00   
         -10     1     -10.00      6790.00   
         -12     1     -12.00     15792.00   
         -15     1     -15.00     42180.00   
         -20     1     -20.00     142920.00   
         1     1      1.00      36.00   
         2     1      2.00      -14.00   
         3     1      3.00      -48.00   
         4     1      4.00      0.00    x-4 
         5     1      5.00      220.00   
         6     1      6.00      726.00   
         10     1      10.00      8730.00   
         12     1      12.00     19176.00   
         15     1      15.00     48840.00   
         20     1      20.00     158800.00   


    The Factor Theorem states that if P/Q is root of a polynomial then this polynomial can be divided by q*x-p Note that q and p originate from P/Q reduced to its lowest terms In our case this means that

       x4+x3-23x2-3x+60 


    can be divided by 2 different polynomials,including by  x-4 

    Polynomial Long Division :

     2.2    Polynomial Long Division
    Dividing :

     x4+x3-23x2-3x+60                               ("Dividend")

    By         :    x-4    ("Divisor")

    dividend  x4 + x3 - 23x2 - 3x + 60 
    - divisor * x3   x4 - 4x3       
    remainder    5x3 - 23x2 - 3x + 60 
    - divisor * 5x2     5x3 - 20x2     
    remainder    - 3x2 - 3x + 60 
    - divisor * -3x1     - 3x2 + 12x   
    remainder      - 15x + 60 
    - divisor * -15x0       - 15x + 60 
    remainder         0

    Quotient :  x3+5x2-3x-15  Remainder:  0 

    Polynomial Roots Calculator :

     2.3    Find roots (zeroes) of :       F(x) = x3+5x2-3x-15

         See theory in step 2.1


    In this case, the Leading Coefficient is  1  and the Trailing Constant is The factor(s) are:

    of the Leading Coefficient :  1
     
    of the Trailing Constant : Let us test ....

      P  Q  P/Q  F(P/Q)   Divisor
         -1     1      -1.00      -8.00   
         -3     1      -3.00      12.00   
         -5     1      -5.00      0.00    x+5 
         -15     1     -15.00     -2220.00   
         1     1      1.00      -12.00   
         3     1      3.00      48.00   
         5     1      5.00      220.00   
         15     1      15.00      4440.00   


    The Factor Theorem states that if P/Q is root of a polynomial then this polynomial can be divided by q*x-p Note that q and p originate from P/Q reduced to its lowest terms In our case this means that

       x3+5x2-3x-15 


    can be divided with  x+5 

    Polynomial Long Division :

     2.4    Polynomial Long Division
    Dividing :

     x3+5x2-3x-15                               ("Dividend")

    By         :    x+5    ("Divisor")

    dividend  x3 + 5x2 - 3x - 15 
    - divisor * x2   x3 + 5x2     
    remainder    - 3x - 15 
    - divisor * 0x1         
    remainder    - 3x - 15 
    - divisor * -3x0     - 3x - 15 
    remainder       0

    Quotient :  x2-3  Remainder:  0 

    Trying to factor as a Difference of Squares :

     2.5      Factoring:  x2-3 

    Theory : A difference of two perfect squares,  A2 - B2  can be factored into Proof :

      (A+B) • (A-B) =
             A2 - AB + BA - B2 =
             A2 - AB + AB - B2 =
             A2 - B2

    Note :  AB = BA is the commutative property of multiplication.

    Note :  - AB + AB equals zero and is therefore eliminated from the expression.

    Check : 3 is not a square !!

    Ruling : Binomial can not be factored as the difference of two perfect squares.

    Equation at the end of step  2  :

    (x2 - 3) • (x + 5) • (x - 4) = 0

    Step  3  :

    Theory - Roots of a product :

     3.1    A product of several terms equals zero.When a product of two or more terms equals zero, then at least one of the terms must be zero.We shall now solve each term = 0 separatelyIn other words, we are going to solve as many equations as there are terms in the productAny solution of term = 0 solves product = 0 as well.

    Solving a Single Variable Equation :

     3.2      Solve  :    x2-3 = 0Add  3  to both sides of the equation : 
     
                         x2 = 3
     
     
    When two things are equal, their square roots are equal. Taking the square root of the two sides of the equation we get:  
     
                         x  =  ± √ 3 The equation has two real solutions  
     
    These solutions are  x = ± √3 = ± 1.7321  
     

    Solving a Single Variable Equation :

     3.3      Solve  :    x+5 = 0Subtract  5  from both sides of the equation : 
     
                         x = -5

    Solving a Single Variable Equation :

     3.4      Solve  :    x-4 = 0Add  4  to both sides of the equation : 
     
                         x = 4

    Four solutions were found :

    1.  x = 4
    2.  x = -5
    3.  x = ± √3 = ± 1.7321