An information system (IS) collects, processes, stores, analyzes and disseminates information for a specific purposes. It has been said that the purpose of information system is to get the right information to the right people, at the right time, in the the right amount and in the right format. Because information systems are intended to supply useful information, we need to differentiate between information and two closely related terms: data and knowledge.
Nowadays, Information system uses computer technology to perform some or all its intended tasks. It is called as computer-based information system (CBIS). CBIS consists of four components; hardware, software, database and network.
- Hardware consists of devices such as processor, monitor, keyboard and printer. These devices accept, process and display data and information
- Software is a program or collection of programs that enable the hardware to process data.
- Database is a collection of related files or tables containing data.
- Network is a connecting system (wire-line or wireless) that permits different computers to share resources.
- FUNCTIONAL AREA INFORMATION SYSTEM (FAIS) - Support the activities within specific functional area.
- TRANSACTION PROCESSING SYSTEM (TPS) - Processes transaction data from business event.
- MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM (MIS) - Produces reports summarized from transaction data, usually in one functional area.
- DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM (DSS) - Provides access to data and analysis tools.
- ELECTRONIC COMMERCE SYSTEM (E-COMMERCE) - Enables transaction among organizations and between organization and customers.
In this site, we will specifically discuss on Decision Support System (DSS) which is used in our selected company, Trivago.
Decision support systems (DSSs) combine models and data in an attempt to analyze semi-structured and some unstructured problems with extensive user involvement. Models are simplified representations or abstractions, of reality. DSSs enable business managers and analysts to access data interactively, to manipulate these data, and to conduct appropriate analyses. Decision support can both enhance learning and contribute to all levels of decision making. DSSs also employ mathematical models. Finally, they have the related capabilities of sensitivities analysis, what-if analysis and goal-seeking analysis.
- SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS - The study of the impact that changes in one or more parts of a decision making model have on other parts. Most sensitivity analyses examine the impact that changes in input variables have on output variables.
- WHAT-IF ANALYSIS - A model builder must make predictions and assumptions regarding the input data, many of which are based on the assessment of uncertain futures. The results depend on the accuracy of these assumptions, which can be highly subjective.
- GOAL-SEEKING ANALYSIS - It attempts to find the value of input necessary to achieve a desired level of output.
There are various types of decision support systems including communication-driven DSS, data-driven DSS, document-driven DSS, knowledge-driven DSS and model-driven DSS.
The company that we have selected, Trivago uses two of the types of DSS that are mentioned above, which are knowledge-driven DSS and model-driven DSS.
These systems provide recommendation and/or suggestion schemes which aid the user in selecting an appropriate alternative to a problem at hand. Knowledge-driven DSS are often referred to as management expert systems or intelligent decision support system. They focus on knowledge and recommend action to managers based on an analysis of a certain knowledge base. Moreover, it has special problem solving expertise and are closely related to data mining.
The underlying model that drive the DSS can come from various discipline or areas of specialization and might include accounting models, financial models, representation models and optimization models. With model drive DSS the emphasize is on access to and manipulation of a model, rather than data. For example, it uses data and parameters to aid decision makers in analyzing a situation. These systems usually are not data intensive and consequently are not linked to very large databases. Managers and staff members use it to provide solution to queries or problems.
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Term | Definition the mathematic calculations...and makes logical comparisons | |
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Term CPU (Central Processing Unit) | | Definition (microprocessor) the actual computation or "number crunching" inside any computer | |
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Term | Definition accesses program instructions, decodes them, and controls the flow of data to and from the ALU, the registers, the caches, primary storage, secondary storage, and various output devices | |
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Term | Definition High speed storage areas that store very small amounts of data and instructions for short periods of time | |
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Term | Definition description of things, events, activities, and transactions that are recorded, classified , and stored but are not organized to convey any special meaning | |
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Term | Definition data that have been organized so that they have meaning and value to the recipient | |
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Term | Definition data and or information that have been organized and processed to convey understanding, experience, accumulated learning and expertise as they apply to a current business program | |
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Term MIS (Management Information Systems) | | Definition deal with the planning for and the developement, management, and use of information technology tools to help people perform all the tasks related to information processing and management | |
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Term | Definition high level map or plan of the information assets in an organization that shows how all aspects of information technology in an organization fit together | |
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Term | Definition consists of the physical facilities, IT components, IT services, and IT personnel that support the entire organization | |
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Term | Definition systems that help an organization gain a competitive advantage by supporting its strategic goals and/or increasing performance and productivity | |
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Term | Definition Myths: there are no computing jobs, there will be no IT jobs when i graduate, all IT jobs are moving offshore, and computing and IT salaries are low due to overseas labor | |
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Term Computer Based INformation Systems | | Definition an information system that uses computer technology to perform some or all of its intended tasks | |
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Term | Definition a device such as the processor, monitor, keyboard, and printer. Together, these devices accept data and information, process them, and display them (Component of an Information System) | |
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Term | Definition a program or collection of programs that enable the hardware to process data (component of an information system) | |
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Term | Definition a collection of related files or tables containing data (component of an information system) | |
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Term | Definition a connecting system (wire line or wireless) that permits different computers to share resources (component of an information system) | |
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Term | Definition the massive network that connects computer networks of businesses, organizations, government agencies, and schools around the world quickly, seamlessly, and inexpensively | |
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Term | Definition a private network that uses internet software and TCP/IP protocols | |
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Term | Definition connects parts of the intranets of different organizations | |
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Term Enterprise (company wide) Resource Planning System (ERP) | | Definition systems that tightly integrate the functional area information systems via a common database | |
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Term Transaction Processing System (TPS) | | Definition gathers the firms raw data from basic business transactions | |
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Term | Definition enable organizations to conduct transactions with businesses, called business to consumer... | |
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Term | Definition mobile commerce like smart phones | |
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Term | Definition attempt to duplicate the work of human experts by applying reasoning capabilities, knowledge, and expertise within a specific domain | |
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Term | Definition professional employees such as financial and marketing analysts, engineers, lawyers, and accountants | |
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Term | Definition support all managers of the organization by providing rapid access to timely information and direct access to structured information in the form of reports | |
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Term Functional Area Information Systems | | Definition information systems designed to summarize data and prepare reports for the functional areas, such as accounting and marketing | |
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Term Porter's Competitive Forces Model | | Definition theory about competitive forces we have to deal with such as threats of new entrants, buyers/suppliers, substitutes, etc | |
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Term Strategic Information Systems | | Definition provide a competitive advantage by helping an organization implement its strategic goals and increase its performance and productivity | |
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Term Porter's Value Chain model | | Definition organizations use this to identify specific activities where they can use competitive strategies for greatest impact | |
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Term | Definition the science of adapting machines and work environments to people, focuses on creating an environment that is safe, well lit, and comfortable | |
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