Is defined as social bonds based on specialization and interdependence

Organic solidarity is social cohesion based upon the dependence individuals have on each other in more advanced societies. It comes from the interdependence that arises from specialization of work and the complementarities between people—a development that occurs in “modern” and “industrial” societies.

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What can Emile Durkheim’s ideas about society be described as?
What concept did Durkheim use to refer to social bonds which are strong among?
What is Emile Durkheim most known for?
What concepts have sociologists use to contrast societies?

What can Emile Durkheim’s ideas about society be described as?

Durkheim believed that society exerted a powerful force on individuals. People’s norms, beliefs, and values make up a collective consciousness, or a shared way of understanding and behaving in the world. The collective consciousness binds individuals together and creates social integration.

What is the basis for Durkheim’s theory of society?

The basis for Durkheim’s theory of society is the principle that: people are the products of their social environments.

Simpler societies, in which people do roughly similar things, are held together by very strong collective beliefs which take on a sacred aura. Durkheim called this kind of social bond “mechanical solidarity.” As the division of labor increases the collective consciousness weakens and becomes more abstract.

What is Emile Durkheim most known for?

Émile Durkheim, (born April 15, 1858, Épinal, France—died November 15, 1917, Paris), French social scientist who developed a vigorous methodology combining empirical research with sociological theory. He is widely regarded as the founder of the French school of sociology..

How Emile Durkheim explain the concept of social pathology?

Émile Durkheim, a French sociologist, created the foundation for the modern sociological study of society by focusing on social facts, structures, and systems rather than individuals. These pathologies were not attributed to the differential nature and value of individuals but rather to aspects of structure.

Which concept did Emile Durkheim use to explain how social order and stability are achieved in modern society?

Durkheim called the communal beliefs, morals, and attitudes of a society the collective conscience. Durkheim also believed that social integration, or the strength of ties that people have to their social groups, was a key factor in social life.

What did Emile Durkheim do?

What is the concept of social pathology?

: a study of social problems (such as crime or alcoholism) that views them as diseased conditions of the social organism.

What concepts have sociologists use to contrast societies?

Sociologists today employ three primary theoretical perspectives: the symbolic interactionist perspective, the functionalist perspective, and the conflict perspective. These perspectives offer sociologists theoretical paradigms for explaining how society influences people, and vice versa.

Module 14Module 14 Psych Soc

Émile Durkheim argued that complex societies are held together by organic solidarity, i.e. 'social bonds, based on specialization and interdependence, that are strong among members of industrial societies'.

Social structure is the patterned social arrangements in society that are both emergent from and determinant of the actions of the individuals.
Macrosociology is an approach to sociology which emphasizes the analysis of social systems and populations on a large scale, at the level of social structure.
Based on interpretative analysis rather than statistical or empirical observation, microsociology is one of the main focuses of sociology. It is concerned with the nature of everyday human social interactions and agency on a small scale.
Functionalism is a theoretical framework that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability. It addresses society as a whole in terms of the function of its constituent elements; namely norms, customs, traditions, and institutions.
Manifest functions are the consequences that people observe or expect. It is explicitly stated and understood by the participants in the relevant action.
Latent functions are those that are neither recognized nor intended. A latent function of a behavior is not explicitly stated, recognized, or intended by the people involved.
Dysfunctions are disruptions of social life, which can be manifest or latent. They are unintended or unrecognized and have a negative effect on society.
Conflict theories are perspectives in sociology and social psychology that emphasize the social, political, or material inequality of a social group or that critique the broad socio-political system.
According to the perspectives of symbolic interactionism, humans do not respond to reality directly but rather to the social understanding of reality. People act toward things based on the meaning those things have for them, and these meanings are derived from social interaction and modified through interpretation.
Institutions are stable, valued, recurring patterns of behavior. As structures or mechanisms of social order, they govern the behavior of a set of individuals within a given community, transcending individuals and intentions by mediating the rules that govern living behavior.

In sociology, mechanical solidarity and organic solidarity[1] are the two types of social solidarity that were formulated by Émile Durkheim, introduced in his Division of Labour in Society (1893) as part of his theory on the development of societies. According to Durkheim, the type of solidarity will correlate with the type of society, either mechanical or organic society. The two types of solidarity can be distinguished by morphological and demographic features, type of norms in existence, and the intensity and content of the conscience collective.[2]

In a society that exhibits mechanical solidarity, its cohesion and integration comes from the homogeneity of individuals—people feel connected through similar work; educational and religious training; and lifestyle. Mechanical solidarity normally operates in traditional and small-scale societies (e.g., tribes).[2] In these simpler societies, solidarity is usually based on kinship ties of familial networks.

Organic solidarity is a social cohesion based upon the interdependence that arises between people from the specialization of work and complementarianism as result of more advanced (i.e., modern and industrial) societies.[2] Although individuals perform different tasks and often have different values and interests, the order and very solidarity of society depends on their reliance on each other to perform their specified tasks. Thus, social solidarity is maintained in more complex societies through the interdependence of its component parts. Farmers, for example, produce the food that feed the factory workers who produce the tractors that allow the farmers to produce the food.

Mechanical vs. organic solidarity[3]

Feature
	Based on resemblances (predominant in less-advanced societies) Segmental type (initially based on clan, later territorial) Little interdependence (social bonds relatively weak) Relatively low volume of population Relatively low material and moral density	Based on division of labor (predominately in more advanced societies) Organized type (fusion of markets and growth of cities) Much interdependency (social bonds relatively strong) Relatively high volume of population Relatively high material and moral density
	Rules with repressive sanctions Prevalence of penal law	Rules with restitutive sanctions Prevalence of cooperative law (i.e., civil, commercial, procedural, administrative, and constitutional law)
	High volume High intensity High determinateness Collective authority is absolute	Low volume Low intensity Low determinateness Greater room for individual initiative and reflection
	Highly religious Transcendental (superior to human interests and beyond discussion) Attaching supreme value to society and interests of society as a whole Concrete and specific	Increasingly secular Human-orientated (concerned with human interests and open to discussion) Attaching supreme value to individual dignity, equality of opportunity, work ethic, and social justice Abstract and general

^ Steven, Lukes; Scull, Andrew (2013). Durkheim and the law. p. 1. ISBN 9781137031815. OCLC 857109661.
^ a b c Collins Dictionary of Sociology. p. 405–06.
^ Lukes, S. 1973. Emile Durkheim: His Life and Work. London: Allen Lane, as adapted by Collins Dictionary of Sociology, p. 406.